施工机器人的测量-True人机合作

作者：理查德·奥斯特里奇（Richard Ostridge）

每次我查看社交媒体提要时，我都会看到至少一篇有关人工智能或机器学习的文章。但是，我最近读到了一场同样有影响力的技术革命，这种革命在此类讨论中似乎不足 - 机器人建造者。

以前的技术进步已经减少了建造所需的努力 - 挖掘机，水泥搅拌机，千斤顶，电钻和螺丝刀，仅提及一些设备，这些设备简化了施工任务。但是，在过去的几年中，另一个重大进展开始焦点 - 自动化。

自动合成

An article from the World Economic Forum titled “Built by Robots: This Swiss Company Could Change the Construction Industry Forever” made me think about how the fundamentals of building are rapidly changing. The article features a proof of concept three level ‘DFAB’ house in Switzerland, featuring 3D-printed ceilings, energy-efficient walls and timber beams assembled by robots on site. A researcher responsible for the project quoted in the article, Matthias Kohler, had a clear vision of how machines and humans would work together in the future. According to Kohler, robots should not be expected to synthesise human craftsmanship, but rather humans should reverse engineer the design to allow robots to build materials and structures that suit their strengths.

从-site house construction is not new — in the last 20 years, brands like Huf Haus have refreshed the public's enthusiasm for prefabricated buildings. What’s different about the DFAB house is the scale use of 3D printing and basic robotic assembly, which omits an entire layer of human effort to create elements of the building. Of course, these elements still require human assembly, but if architects and builders fully take on Kohlers’ vision, the building design can be simplified so robots can also do some of this assembly.

自动组件

在未来20年内，自动化组装并不是期望发生的大规模发生的事情，但是越来越多的机器人案例进行了更多动力学劳动。例如，Construction Robotics的半自治泥工SAM100目前正在美国少数建筑工地上工作。在人类的梅森可以在八个小时内放置300-600砖的地方，SAM100可以铺设超过3,000。SAM100行动的视频在视频共享平台上获得了数百万次观看次数，这表明对此主题有兴趣和兴奋。

Sam100 joins Hadrian X from Australia’s Fast Brick Robotics, which both 3D print, lay bricks, and can complete the superstructure of a conventional masonry home in just two days. Another interesting example of an advanced construction robot is a robotic hot-wire cutting robot from Danish company Odico, which uses electrically-heated wire to cut through industrial foams, replicating the geometry by a given CAD model. Also, EffiBOT from Effidence in France can follow workers carrying tools and materials. Naturally, there’s hesitancy in any industry about robots automating more workload. Nevertheless, despite the amazing examples described above, robots won’t be building houses in volume for several years. Of course, many positives can easily be identified — such as cost, time and impact on the environment. However, so can some of the cons, where issues like retraining of parts of the workforce do need to be considered critical for long term acceptance and success.

作为一名测量师阅读这样的技术，我不会立即考虑对建筑项目的影响。相反，我认为这种自动化对调查行业意味着什么？好消息是，随着人们对更好地设计和更快地设计的期望，我相信可能会有很多机会来调查为建筑公司提供服务的企业。

混合测量师

如果机器人要产生一个对象，则必须进行准确的尺寸信息。如果机器人要将某些东西放入现场的正确位置，则需要准确的位置信息。

公差将是紧张的，准确的和精确的，妥协将无法选择 - 这听起来像是测量师的电话卡。

Whereas a human on a construction site can see a small discrepancy and instinctively know how to handle the problem, I am not convinced a robot would be able to self-solve the issue on-the-fly. Perhaps it would detect the problem and then request human assistance — reducing the efficiency gain that was one of the motivations for using robots in the first place. Undeniably, the best way to maximise the efficiency of robots is by providing them with quality information that truly represents reality.

那么，没有人会被捕获吗？好吧，在某些数据捕获方案中，可以说我们所扮演的角色已经略有变化，例如，从选择哪些确切的点转移到选择区域和密度以使仪器捕获的确切点。主要是，这要归功于技术的进步，接受和使用，例如Leica RTC360 3D激光扫描仪或移动技术，例如Leica BLK2GO，它随着操作员在网站上及其周围及其周围而自动捕获3D点云。

Data collection without a human, maybe - but a survey (including deliverables), no. Yet, we surveyors might have to adjust what it means to be a ‘surveyor’.

测量师的下一步是什么？

多年来，测量师在决定要设置的地方，使用什么控制以及要建立哪些检查。最近，其他重点是决定要使用哪种技术，如何测量以及如何处理数据。

对于下一代测量师来说，似乎有可能在筛选数据，识别质量，了解相关内容以及决定如何呈现数据的情况下增加重量。

也许这项工作将更多地强调确定要构建的检查或如何评估和处理数据。而且很可能会在确定哪些数据相关的数据以及如何以及何时出现时会增加重量。

I believe that now is the right time to be assessing our workflows, evaluating new methodologies, and embracing new technology. We can then establish ourselves as the service providers who produce the best data, the ones who can be trusted to assess and verify the quality of other data, as well as the ones who can extract meaningful results from it all.

如果我们这样做，我们将不仅可以保护自己的短期就业未来，而且可以确保调查行业的未来 - 即使我们正在调查建筑机器人使用数据。