Monitoring historic Harvard Stadium
案例分析
Author:T/F/D
Harvard Stadium, which was completed in 1904, gained National Historic Landmark status in 1987. It was the first of many college football stadiums built in a U-shaped Colosseum style and the first construction using reinforced cast-in-place concrete on such a scale. As expected for a 100+ year old building with a pioneering construction technology, there is on-going corrosion to be contended with and the resulting maintenance costs are high. Its owner, Harvard University, needs to make annual decisions about the maintenance budget. In 2018 Harvard contracted structural engineering firm西尔曼咨询。为了指导哈佛对体育场的生命安全做出适当的决定，西尔曼制定了定制的材料测试和监测策略。这包括Leica Geosystems总站和软件，该系统收集了亚博5分钟快三有关建筑物性能的实时数据，以告知有关地标的未来的建议。
Maintaining the home of the forward pass
哈佛大学体育场文化和具有重要意义architecturally. The dimensions of the stadium were even a factor in the evolution of American football. In 1906, a committee of colleges and universities met to set rules to make the early game safer and one suggestion was to make the pitch wider. The Harvard Stadium however was recently finished and could not be widened. Thus, the proposal was rejected in favour of allowing forward passing. A landmark piece of architecture, the Stadium is the first vertical concrete structure to use reinforced structural concrete. Lewis Jerome Johnson, professor of civil engineering at Harvard was the engineer responsible for the innovation at the time.
体育场受到了极大的喜爱和访问。但是，如果无人看管，它可能会成为维护和确保安全的昂贵建筑物。西尔曼（Silman）合伙人贾斯汀·丹·赫德（Justin Den Herder）解释说：“由于这种建筑技术的含义，当时的工程师或承包商不知道这一点的重要问题。例如需要扩展关节，缺乏适当的重杆细节，结构元素或混凝土覆盖不足之间的销钉和联系，甚至混凝土本身的化学构成也被发现是有问题的。所有这些问题都对恶化的速度和水平产生了重大贡献。”
数据驱动的维护决策方法
Every year Harvard University needs to balance the value of the landmark with the cost of repair. The purpose of the monitoring project was to pursue an additional data-driven approach to decisions. Den Herder says, “Our role was basically to get more information through a combination of material and electrochemical testing as well as real-time optical and vibration monitoring to better understand the buildings seasonal behaviour and therefore help Harvard make a more informed decision about the future of the stadium.”
西尔曼与伴侣合作岩土仪器设计监视系统。它包括裂纹显示器，倾斜监视器，一个气象站和五个Leica Nova TM50 total stations。Leica Geomos显示器was used for data acquisition and processing,Leica Geomos调整for the network adjustment and现在，Leica Geomos！用于数据可视化和分析。丹·赫德（Den Herder）解释说：“我们希望几乎实时监视建筑物，以了解其在不同的气象条件和不同的负载条件下如何扩展或收缩。Scott Kavalek，Geotech Instruments，选择具有成像功能的Leica Geosystems仪器，并“帮助我们定义了要监视的要点以实现这一目标”。
Pinpointing the Stadium's hotspots
Data from the crack and tilt monitors was processed by Geotech Instruments using Microsoft products. In contrast, the optical monitoring data from the total stations and the weather data was processed via Leica software. Using Leica GeoMoS Now!, Silman sorted the data into the time periods of interest to look at how areas of the Stadium had moved. The software generated graphs which were exported as easy-to-read reports to discuss with Harvard University. Comparing the different monitoring components gave the team a detailed picture of the building’s vulnerabilities. Den Herder says, “What’s useful about interpreting the geosystems data from the optical monitoring results is that we’re able to pinpoint the hotspots or the portions of the building that are moving more, relative to the rest of the building.” The areas of the building that are moving the most can be correlated to the areas with more cracks and corrosion
根据正确的信息做出决定
根据数据，Silman团队可以预测和解释裂缝，并建议在哪里维修会产生最大的影响。“我们能够确定建筑物在哪里移动的位置，并预测需要维修或关节的位置。例如，在体育场的上层，相对于直接下方的地板，有四分之三的运动水平运动。这几乎总是对应于建筑物的破裂，剥落和恶化，因为水可以进入这些裂缝并开始腐蚀和恶化的材料。”
国家历史地标的管理是一个具有挑战性的角色。体育场的粉丝希望它能持续到其古罗马灵感。然而，建造一座100年历史的建筑符合现代安全标准的成本很高。一个需要理由的人。正如Silman的Den Herder所说：“我们很想找到一种方法来确保体育场能够保持有用和安全地占用，这就是我们的目标。但是最终，我们只想提供硬数据并从正确的信息中得出适当的结论。”
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