欧洲的开创性单光子激增

作者：Renata BarradasGutiérrez

The first maps were painted in parchment and were very limited in accuracy, quality and distribution. Technological changes have revolutionised cartography drastically, changing the way we capture, communicate and distribute spatial information. Today, detailed maps with geographic information can be viewed from any device with a browser.

如果您要参观西班牙北部纳瓦尔省的首都Pamplona，以公牛的运行而闻名，并且您正在计划进行一次游览，则可以通过您的手机舒适地访问该多方面区域的所有地形信息。

Navarre’s Department of Economic Development has opened its doors to give access, in a single interface, to multiple base maps, including cadastre, hydrography, culture, infrastructure, cartography orthophotos and more. Beyond the level of detail and information available, these maps are the first information capture in Europe taken with single-photon LiDAR.

量子飞跃

Navarre has historically been a pioneer region introducing new technologies to obtain cutting-edge geographic information. In 1929, a pilot flew the region of Navarre to photograph and produce a cadastre of the region. In 1967, Navarre’s government prepared the first cartographic plan, which required the construction of a remarkable geodesic infrastructure, leading in its time.

44年后，Navarre的表面被LIDAR捕获。在2011年至2012年之间特拉卡萨, a firm developing major projects in cadastre, cartography and territorial information systems in the Spanish market, covered Navarre’s territory with high point density LiDAR. Using the Leica ALS60 airborne sensors, Tracasa captured 1.2 points per square metre of this heterogenous region from the sky.

In 2017, the management of cartography in Navarre decided to update the LiDAR data of the region, increasing the point density of the previous LiDAR flight by 10 – the technology provided by theLeicaSPL100激光雷达传感器进行了量子飞跃，将前激光雷达飞行的密度增加到每平方米14分。

Choosing the right technology to try something completely new in Europe

With no other companies in Europe having experience with this sensor,如何确定第一个商业上可用的单光子激光雷达机载传感器是正确的技术？

特拉卡萨（Tracasa）在纳瓦拉（Navarre）政府分配并与西班牙国家地理研究所（IGN）合作后，建立了苛刻的招标，其中包括每平方米10分的高点密度 - 很少有传感器可以遵守这些高度与如此广阔领域所需的效率的规格。

Tracasa配有SPL100 LIDAR传感器和中型格式Leica RCD30相机，Tracasa托付了飞行，并将信息捕获到Grup-Air-Med和Cowi中。团队绘制了100张输出光束，总计每秒提供600万个测量值，团队绘制了整个仅几个月内就有广阔的区域。

“The novelty of this coverage is the increase in point cloud density that will allow us to obtain a wide range of applications. We obtained an average point density of 14 points per metre squared with an accuracy better than 20 centimetres in planimetry and 15 centimetres in altimetry. The joint capture of RGBN images with a medium-format photogrammetric camera, made also possible to obtain simultaneous images of the LiDAR data used to colourise the point cloud. “We are happy with the data – we have the point density, zone specification and accuracy we desired. In 2011 we had 1 point per metres squared and now we have 14 points per metres squared,”Tracasa项目经理VíctorGarcíaMorales说。

Ain’t no mountain high enough

Bordering with France, between the Pyrenees and the Ebro River, the region of Navarre covers a surface of 10,391 square kilometres. Despite its relatively small size, Navarre is quite a diverse region dominated by the Pyrenean mountain range, with altitudes above 2,400 m, contrasting with the flat alluvial plains of the Ebro valley.

“纳瓦拉是驾驶任何机载传感器的理想区域。如果此传感器在这里运行，在这个异质区域是植被，飞行计划和处决可能非常具有挑战性，它可能在任何地方运行，”Tracasa董事MoisésZalbaAlmándoz说。

Before flying, many aspects needed to be considered. The flight plan to cover Navarre initially offered 200 flight lines.SPL100创建了高密度点云，穿透了Navarre的植被，地面雾和薄云，而80 MP相机捕获了RGBN颜色信息。

“我们花了大约270个小时才能使用以前的技术；使用SPL100，时间减少到170小时，点云的浓度为14倍。通过加强计划，这甚至可以进一步减少。”加西亚·莫拉莱斯说。

当决策会影响广泛的领域，需要详细和一致的数据，并且要求以可管理的成本进行频繁的更新，因此公司应由每个数据点的成本驱动。单光子激光痛系统捕获1 million measurements per second with 2 km swath width.SPL100是获取大面积的理想选择，可降低每个获得的数据点的成本。

多个应用程序，多个业务

该项目构成了IGN的国家矫正区计划（PNOA），旨在每六年更新整个西班牙的LIDAR信息。在每个人的触手需启用制图数据是一个艰巨的过程中，LiDAR数据收集是一个难题的一部分。如果没有数据处理和可视化，将无法完成工作流程。

Navarre的SPL100 LIDAR数据已使用HXMAP进行后处理，而Leica MissionPro飞行计划软件启用了3D虚拟地球计划环境和传统的2D地图计划视图。HXMAP是该项目中用于生成一个单个接口中所有LIDAR数据产品的主要后处理平台。亚搏彩票手机版下载将单光子激光雷达和HXMAP结合到一个工作流程中，使专家可以为各种应用程序生成机载数据，包括：

• Produce a digital terrain model and a digital surface model
• 更新制图
• Prepare a forest management plan
• 绘制洪水区和其他水文应用
• 支持应急管理计划
• 地图电源线
• 向公众提供信息