下面的隧道，上面的安全性：在铁路建设期间监视最繁忙的英国高速公路之一

Author:Megan Hansen,Simon Hall,克雷格·李·霍尔特（Craig-Lee Holt）

As critical transportation projects take place across the UK, monitoring existing nearby infrastructure for deformations is essential to ensure safety and continued operation. During the tunnelling of the HS2 high-speed railway under the M25 highway near London, SOCOTEC UK successfully monitored the difficult to access and busy motorway with a Leica Geosystems solution featuring automated laser scanning and a range of other monitoring techniques.

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A high-speed train, a critical highway and a monitoring challenge

英国的第一座客运铁路于1830年开放，发起了一次公交革命。将近两个世纪后，英国通勤者仍在维多利亚时代铺设铁路，而对更多线路和更快的越野联系的需求超过了铁路基础设施的发展。英国的High Speed 2(HS2), a dedicated high-speed railway currently under construction, will help alleviate these problems by linking major cities and airports to further connect Britain’s largest economic regions.

但是，在包括伦敦，伯明翰和曼彻斯特在内的主要城市之间建造了这条广泛的铁路，需要隧道建设，可能会破坏现有的过境并为上方的道路造成结构性变形。M25下的隧道是这种情况。

Particularly, the construction of two separate tunnels underneath this asset led国家公路是一家负责维护M25的政府拥有的公司，需要监视解决方案，以确保旅行者的安全并评估整个项目中道路的结构完整性。

但是，监视这样繁忙的高速公路提出了问题：交通量始终高的道路仅能访问监视区域，并且在施工期间关闭高速公路以进行初始或常规数据收集是不可行的。同时，在道路表面上安装棱镜是不切实际的，在那里将被重型车辆摧毁，或者必须重定向交通以避免它们。

Industry leader SOCOTEC UK takes on the challenge

To meet this challenge,Align- 合资公司完成了21.6公里的铁路基础设施，其中包括M25下的16.04公里双孔隧道 - 合同监测专家英国Socotec, a leading UK provider of testing, inspection and compliance services across industries. With specialisations in geotechnical and structural monitoring and over 30 years of experience on large-scale civil engineering projects like the Victoria Station Upgrade in London, they were the perfect project partner.

英国Socotecnot only considered the practicality of the setup in terms of access and instrument installation, but they also wanted to minimise disruptions and, most importantly, secure the safety of M25 travellers and their own staff while working along the highway. Therefore, they required a solution with minimal installation to the road surface, reduced installations to earthworks and the ability for the monitoring system to be fully remote and run autonomously 24/7 over several years.

索科特克（Socotec UK）致力于数字创新，这是通过可用的激光扫描和自动化的机会the Leica Geosystems monitoring solution。

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Patch scanning: A non-intrusive monitoring solution from Leica Geosystems

The custom monitoring scheme was designed in consultation withSCCS, part of Hexagonand the UKs leading Leica Geosystems distributor, and implemented a range of automated features, including patch scanning, imaging, instrument levelling and reporting.

Socotec UK高级项目经理Jeff Foggo解释说：“我们选择SCC为我们提供了安装能够调查准确的补丁扫描，棱镜和无反射点的系统所需的硬件，软件和客户支持。”

解决方案包括：

• installed on a local site PC
• ThreeLeica Nova MS60多阶段
• OneLeica Nova TM50monitoring total station
• LOC8盗窃威慑和位置解决方案
• FourLeica ComGate20communication devices with enclosures
• 带有安全笼和AD12的四个乐器安装纪念碑
• Leica GRP112 and GMP104棱镜

为了解决访问和中断问题，Socotec UK选择了一种称为Patch Scanning的独特，非侵入性的监视解决方案，该解决方案使用激光扫描和自动化监视软件来生成数据和分析。MS60的高精确激光扫描仪的组合，每秒捕获数千点，Geomos软件最小的需要安装反思目标或棱镜，并使监视能够在最限制的领域进行。在安装和运营过程中，这种降低了对现场交通的干扰，从潜在的危险区域中撤出了Socotec英国员工，并确保了道路使用者的安全。

英国SOCOTEC参考测量数据捕获12 months ahead of the excavations to determine the normal movements of the road surface. During the monitoring period, the MS60, installed high up on adjacent plinths to optimise visibility, scanned small areas or “patches” of surfaces at determined intervals with arrays of 20, 40 and 60 metres. Other measurement arrays included prisms set up on the top of the embankments and multiple reflectorless points on structures. Additional prisms were installed as survey control in stable areas.

Utilising hybrid techniques with MultiStations helped SOCOTEC UK optimise their monitoring installation and ensured impeccable measurement reliability. GeoMoS compared the measurements to baseline reference values, enabling deformation detection and notifications to key stakeholders if tolerance thresholds for movements were exceeded.

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24/7监视的其他自动化

Complementing the patch scans, SCCS also recommended further automation of the project using imagery to minimise visits to the site. Remote access to live video and still images via integrated cameras in the MS60 made it possible to easily resolve and verify any data measurement questions without delay.

The intelligent measurement sensors, including the MS60s and TM50, were centrally controlled through GeoMoS and used custom power sources with backups to ensure continuous monitoring.Additionally, since the instruments were installed in remote locations where environmental factors could impact stability, SOCOTEC UK needed a way to ensure the total stations remained level. Connected through the ComGate20, GeoMoS remotely and automatically activated the AD12 self-levelling tribrach for each TPS before each measurement cycle, ensuring result quality and reducing maintenance visits.

However, SCCS provided more than the instruments and software – they also supported SOCOTEC UK with remote and onsite training during the operation and delivery of the monitoring scheme and overall solution.

“SCCS delivered excellent support and assistance and, when combined with SOCOTEC UK Monitoring UK’s wealth of knowledge and experience installing, commissioning, managing and maintaining monitoring systems, the results were of a very high quality,” says Foggo.

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Continuous monitoring benefits from constant protection

Given the remote nature of the site, power outages and environmental factors weren’t the only issues SOCOTEC UK had to consider when determining how to ensure 24/7 monitoring. To protect the valuable equipment in the field, they mounted the instruments within secure cages and installed theLeica LOC8 theft deterrence and location solution。

LOC8 enables geofencing, custom alerts via messaging and instrument tracking and locking. While useful for fleet management daily, this solution was especially crucial to the project when three instruments were stolen from the site. With LOC8, SOCOTEC UK was able to provide tracking information to local police, who recovered £120,000 worth of stolen equipment. Once returned, the instruments were inspected, serviced and quality checked by SCCS before returning to the site so monitoring could resume as quickly as possible.

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Results of the innovative monitoring system

Ultimately, SOCOTEC UK’s use of the Leica Geosystems monitoring solution allowed the M25 to operate as usual during the tunnelling period, ensuring that one project to improve transportation didn’t interfere with critical existing transit.

“Through our collective effort with SCCS, we confidently monitored the M25 and surrounding assets on an hourly basis during the passing of two tunnel boring machines under the M25 along the HS2 in quick succession,” reflects Foggo.

“Having the opportunity to provide an innovative monitoring system for one of the busiest parts of the highway infrastructure in the UK has been, and continues to be, a rewarding experience. The data certainly spoke for itself in terms of the monitoring system being a success: the record of minimal asset movement was clear during the tunnelling phase and all stakeholders, such as National Highways, received the reassurance they required”

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