用GNSS将骆驼穿过针的眼睛

Author:Beate Wesenigk

这海王星造船厂是位于德国北部的佩登堡的Meyer Group的一部分，其中构建了巨大的浮动物体 - 浮动机室单元（Ferus），这是巨型游轮的“动力站”。这家在德国北部的造船厂专门研究Ferus，面临着巨大的挑战 - Ferus不是在干燥的码头中建造的，而是在水线上方的各个生产大厅中建造。桥接2米heightdifference, a floating lowering system was developed. To manoeuvre FERUs safely out of the production halls and off the lowering systems, NEPTUN shipyard started using Leica Geosystems GNSS technology.

Blind trust as a prerequisite

这lowering system is a shippable floating dock. It consists of a reinforced concrete pontoon with additional superstructures on top. The float itself is150 m long，，，，55 m wide and 7.5 m high。在浮桥内，有水箱。在停靠期间，Ferus借助钢制式绞车进行了固定。降低系统设有一个专用控制室，位于右舷的前塔。从那里，所有系统都受到监视和控制。

When it is ready to be transported off-site, a FERU is first lifted inside the production hall with the help of a hydraulic system. It is then slid across a silicone-coated path on land up to the quay wall where the lowering system is waiting in the water. When the ship is positioned on the lowering system, tug boats pull the gigantic FERU – that weighs more than40,000 tonsat this point – right above the16-m deep docking pit。这lowering system must then be correctly positioned down to a couple of centimetres and secured in a way the only options for movement are up and down.

随后，储罐被淹没，从而下沉了整个降低系统。最终，只有2 m of the 18-msuperstructure protrudes above the water. As soon as there is enough water on the deck, the tug boat captains receive their go-ahead. The FERU is then moored at the bow and the stern.

这种撤消过程本身可以比作骆驼穿过针头的骆驼的隐喻，描述了一个非常狭窄的开口 - 不可抵消的船和上层建筑之间的距离只是120 cm最多。拖船队长和Feru上的飞行员无需将自己定向到港口或右舷。船尾的船长在他面前高耸的灰金属墙上只看到米。两位队长都需要盲目信任飞行员。这意味着必须知道降低系统的确切位置。否则，避免与上层建筑的碰撞是不可能的，这些不可避免地会损坏FERU和降低系统。

将GNSS技术用于建筑工地

A GNSS-supported measurement process with Leica Geosystems technologies is now used in all the steps. Multi-frequency GNSS antennae were installed on the starboard-side bow and stern of the superstructures on the lowering system. The accompanying dual GNSS receiverLeica ICG 80is fitted in the control room. This installation, originally developed by Leica Geosystems to be used on heavy construction machinery in civil engineering, cannot only determine the exact position but also make predictions about potential movements. Subsequently, the relative position of the antennae in relation to the lowering system was determined with a one-time tachymetric measurement using aLeica Nova TS60total station. In one of the shipyard's halls, aLeica Viva GS10GNSS高精度接收器安装在一个相对庇护的位置，作为精确测量的固定点。

FERU 1396, the first undocked power station with help of the new system, will be the centrepiece for one of the newest cruise ships for the largest cruise line in the world. Two iCG80 GNSS receivers were first installed at the previously measured locations on the lowering system and the receiver in the control room was activated. Using this installation, it was possible to move the FERU from the production hall onto an exact position on the lowering system. To undock the FERU from the lowering system, both antennae were installed on it.

降低了系统的控制软件in the control room links GNSS data, terrestrial and maritime maps, providing real-time data as well as forecasting data for the projected movements of the lowering system and the FERU to all participants in the undocking process. To react immediately to changes and give out appropriate instructions the pilots and tug boat captains use Leica CS35 field tablets. In addition to the real-time data and movement projections on their CS35 field tablet, the pilots and tug boat captains also see exactly how much they have to steer to starboard and port to leave the lowering system without damage.

Navigating FERU 1396 out of the eye of the needle took only 10 minutes – a time that would have been impossible for a safe undocking, especially at a day with winds of force six because, due to its dimensions, the FERU poses such a big target for the wind.

更快 +更多灵活=更多利润

这MEYER Group has been successfully using measurement solutions from Leica Geosystems for many years. During the conception phase, GNSS solutions from various suppliers were evaluated. The main criteria were:

• 定位精度为2至3厘米，even on moving ground
• Immunity to environmental factors, such as temperature fluctuations and salt water
• Wireless and radio-less data transfer.

由拉尔夫·齐默尔曼（Ralph Zimmermann）领导的调查团队决定为Leica Geosystems解决方案提供。ICG80 GNSS接收器的开发是为了承受建筑工地的恶劣条件，从-20 C至 + 40 Cand are splash防水。

Neptun Shipyard调查团队的一部分Lars Wegener和Kevin Schemmel报道说，“Relocation of 1396 went well.”Zimmermann扩展了，“智慧h the help of this technology, we have literally made big things happen. You could clearly see that we practise the motto of the MEYER Group, ‘Stronger together’, because, in addition to the workers of both shipyards, many specialists were involved; experts for nautical map technology, classical coastal navigation and tugging methods.”

该系统以各种方式使Meyer Group受益于持续的任务以及未来的项目。由于提供的实时位置，移动预测和拖船控制的计算有助于避免碰撞，因此移动和撤消Ferus的整个过程变得更加安全。此外，可以移动并解开延伸超出降低系统的船尾的对象。该系统不变的天气条件的速度，精度和可靠性非常适合迈耶集团，他们计划从2019年开始在佩登堡建造三艘游轮，将来每年在芬兰的图尔库每年有两个。