The high life: Locating the floors of America’s tallest residential building
案例分析
Author:T/F/D
在曼哈顿的“亿万富翁的行”上，新的纽约摩天大楼近乎完成。中央公园塔（Central Park Tower）高达1,550英尺（472米），是世界上最高的住宅建筑，是该市第二高的建筑物，仅次于一个世界贸易中心。施工始于2014年，Pinnacle Industries II，LLC于2016年安装了核心超级攀登系统。由于建筑物的高度，Pinnacle Industries II的调查工程师Robert Mandelbaum使用了GPS解决方案 - Leica Geosystems GNSS GNSS System-找到每个新楼层的布局。
A new approach to monitoring
Central Park Tower will contain 179 homes with one of the most expensive views in the world. 300 feet (over 91 metres) above the street, the Tower cantilevers to the east, creating views of Central Park for all north-facing residents. The elegant exterior gives away nothing of the complexity of the construction or the challenges of keeping the building’s footprint consistent and accurate. Before each new floor could be built, Mandelbaum needed to provide the Pinnacle Industries II team with reliable coordinates to set out the structure. On a smaller building, surveyors would use optical instruments to do this from the ground, but above a certain height that becomes impossible. “Because it’s so high, we cannot use conventional transits [transit levels] to establish location,” explains Mandelbaum. “On a bad weather day, that’s just not happening. At 1500 feet (over 450 metres), you cannot see with a traditional instrument.” So, for the first time on a residential construction site, Mandelbaum used a GPS-based solution.
Establishing control lines for each floor
Leica GeoSystems基于GNSS的监视系统的工作原理由GNSS接收器放置在建筑物的外部 - 在这种情况下，液压攀爬的保护屏幕包围了结构 - 并充当随着地板完成的控制点。中央公园塔建筑上使用的系统包括四个Leica AS10 SmartTrack antennas与共同授权的360个棱镜，一个Leica GM30 GNSS监视接收器，Leica Viva TS15总站Leica TS16) andLeica Spider和Leica GeoMoS monitoring software。曼德鲍姆（Mandelbaum）解释说：“保护屏幕爬上了建筑物，所以我把所有设备都放在上面。我不必担心我会身体上移动它，因为它已固定在屏幕的内部。GNSS天线，我将在大楼的每个角落都放在彼此之间。他们会给我坐标，并使用我能够建立控制线。”控制线标记了建筑板边缘的位置以及柱子和墙壁的位置和定位。
在高压环境中经过证实的准确性
The most significant benefit of the system to the Pinnacle II team, says Mandelbaum, was its accuracy, reassuring when working on any construction site, but especially a high rise. He used a traditional technique to check the GNSS measurements. “To verify that the access lines or the control lines stack from floor to floor, every 10 floors, I would use an old school piano wire. Literally a piano wire, and drop it through a corner. I would tie a good 80 lb weight to the bottom of it, and I would physically check with a rule to the access lines on the floor, to the control lines. And it was there, within a 16Th一英寸（1/6英寸= 1.55毫米精度）。它只是证明这是对的。”
A Leica Viva TS15 Total Station was also used to establish the position of the control lines, acting as another independent check of the solution which could be referenced against the antenna readings. The total station positioned itself via prisms co-located under the GNSS antennas. Mandelbaum explains, “I would know where each antenna is according to the solution on the laptop. I would take the antenna that’s the farthest away from me, and I would look for the time solution as well. I would be at the same time slot and shoot (measure with the total station) the antenna. And if it’s the same number that I see on the laptop, within a few thousandths, then I will use it.”
Easy to use software displaying real-time data
Despite being new to the GNSS system, Mandelbaum and his partner found it easy to use. With support from Leica and by filming some of the processes on his phone for reference, he says “it was pretty simple.” A self-confessed mechanic rather than a ‘software guy’ Leica’s software programs − the Leica Spider Software Suite and Leica GeoMoS Now! − provided easy access to the real-time data essential for establishing control lines. “There were a few steps I needed to learn, and that was that. It was a piece of cake.”
Central Park Tower的建设将于2021年完成。既然Mandelbaum在构建中的一部分已经完成，他计划再次使用Leica GeoSystems GNSS系统：“如果可以的话，我会的。它有可行的记录。”
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