绘制芬兰的海底

案例分析

作者:Penny Boviatsou

Accurate nautical charts ensure safe navigation and better voyage planning. These are graphic representations of a maritime area and coastal regions, showing depths of water and heights of land, details of the seabed and the coastline, navigational threats, and structures, such as harbours.

航海图是海洋导航的重要工具,Meritaito Ltd是一家领先的芬兰海洋调查服务和基础设施管理公司,生产官方的航海图表,用于芬兰水域的安全导航。该公司在全面的服务中拥有数十年的经验:

  1. Maintenance of waterways
  2. Use and maintenance of canals
  3. 水文测量服务
  4. Hydraulic engineering
  5. 水道设计和制造导航
  6. 漏油响应服务。

Meritaito成立于2010年,当时芬兰海事管理局,芬兰铁路管理局和芬兰道路管理局的水道合并为芬兰运输局(FTA)。FTA是在运输和通信部权力下运营的政府机构;它的主要责任是政府监督运输系统的维护和发展。


Organising the mission

Organising the mission

深度以多种方式测量。从历史上看,使用了声音线。在现代,回声听起来和激光雷达用于测量公海的海床。FTA过去曾在芬兰测试过测得的激光雷达,但成功却相当差。2015年,Meritaito按照FTA的要求组织了一项试点计划,这次使用了新技术,包括Leica Chiroptera II, a coastal survey LiDAR sensor. The results of the pilot program were satisfactory, and FTA requested two more hydrographic surveys, these took place in 2016 and 2017.

从调查获得的数据用于制作最新的大规模航海图。使用三种不同的技术进行数据获取:

  1. Singlebeam echosounding (SBES)
  2. 多光束回声(MBE)
  3. Bathymetric LiDAR.

这些调查是Meritaito的指南管理水文调查并改善了来自不同数据收集方法的测深信息的项目的执行


Gaining the knowledge

Gaining the knowledge

在第一次调查中,Meritaito使用了不同的测深传感器 - 其中包括Chiroptera II。分别请求激光雷达数据,因此,调查是在不同时间进行的。

“For the shallow areas, we used single-beam echosounders and the Leica Chiroptera II, and for the deeper areas multibeam echosounders,”said Aaro Nurmiainen, Meritaito LiDAR expert.

Once completed the data evaluation, Meritaito created a report for the FTA. After the analysis of the report, FTA concluded the Chiroptera II coastal survey LiDAR technology could be used to replace the singlebeam echosounders in the coastal areas.

“The LiDAR technology opened the way for other applications,”said Nurmiainen.“考虑到芬兰的长海岸线和大量湖泊,这是浅水调查的理想工具。”


Leading with vast experience

Leading with vast experience

In the second project, FTA excluded all other methods and only kept LiDAR data for the shallow water areas. Meritaito used multi beam echosounders for the deeper parts.

“ Chiroptera II传感器允许快速准确地映射,取代了效率较低的单光束映射工具,”努尔米亚宁解释说。

Meritaito使用Leica Lidar调查工作室(Leica LSS) and Terrasolid software suite to create a fast and automated workflow. After the processing and evaluation, FTA received the final product ready for the agency’s mapping projects.

“The Chiroptera II captured the full waveform in both the 35 kHz bathymetric channel and the 500 kHz topographic channel and gave us seamless coastal and land surveying results,”努尔米亚宁解释说。“第二次调查中的数据处理后的结果与先前使用的任何其他方法都无法比拟。”

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