在世界上最繁忙的机场之一中捕捉现实

Author: Kevin Cordeiro

新加坡的樟宜机场以其平静的氛围和机场所有运营的平稳运行而闻名。它作为世界领先机场的长期声誉可能主要归因于管理层对机场运营的进步和创新方法。Changi Airport Group（CAG）渴望研究最新的激光扫描技术如何长期将其设施保持在最高标准。

长期观点

To further enhance aspects such as Facilities Management on an ongoing basis, Changi Airport Group needed an accurate and precise 3D model capturing every aspect of the terminal of Architectural, Structural and MEP.

With an eye on the future, Changi Airport Group recognised this opportunity to deliver long term value with an as-built BIM (a virtual replica), which would be a valuable tool even after renovation and expansion work was completed. JTRS Registered Surveyor (JTRS) were commissioned to scan and create the BIM of T2. JTRS Registered Surveyor is a professional land surveying company, known for their progressive approach to surveying and use of the latest equipment to deliver the highest standards of accuracy. They are leading specialists in 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry – the key practices required to construct the BIM. In this project, JTRS worked in conjunction with BIM solution service provider, Geodelta System Sdn Bhd.

In commissioning the BIM, Changi Airport Group became one of the first in Singapore to adopt new BIM technology for future redevelopment projects. The scan was to be one of the largest Scan-to-BIM projects produced in Singapore, requiring more than 600,000 square metres of floor areas, including the MEP aspects above the architectural ceiling to be scanned with both extreme data clarity and sharp resolution for the modelling.

Synchronisation and smooth operations

With multiple parties involved in the future renovation and expansion works, the As-Built BIM incorporates all the drawings, plans, elevations, sections and perspectives. As these drawings are extracted from the model, changes are incorporated in the model and automatically updated. This approach enables project members to design and build collaboratively using one coherent system of computer models and minimising the need for site visits for further manual checks.

The first stage of the project involved establishing a new set of control network where JTRS set a total of 144 control points for the entire scan. The geo-reference would provide a homogenous set of information for future projects. This enables confident, precise registration and geo-location of multiple scans, which could be passed to contractors so everyone could work on the same base. For the control surveying, JTRS used theLeica Nova TM50, six prisms and aLeica DNA03digital level.

JTRS的董事兼注册测量师Jimmy Tan评论说“The Leica Nova TM50 enabled us to measure four sets of angles at each setup very quickly, with the high-angle accuracy needed to measure the horizontal and vertical angles. By measuring so many set of angles at each setup with confidence, the TM50 dramatically expedited the completion of the control survey network mapping across all three Changi Airport terminals.”

Precision at scale

To address the dual challenge of precision and scale in creating the BIM model, JTRS used the Leica Geosystems integrated scanning solution comprising of oneLeica ScanStation P40unit and twoLeica BLK360imaging laser scanners together with Leica Geosystems’ software solutions.

扫描仪P40的选择是根据其达到非常高密度并产生高分辨率和准确性的能力（数据间距高达1mm）的能力，并在巨大的空间上结合在一起，具有出色的性能和可靠性。扫描仪P40用于整个建筑物的控制扫描以及出发大厅和楼梯等大区域，而BLK360则解决了小型和更狭窄的区域。

“ Leica Geosystems的集成扫描解决方案可产生丰富的数据，并且建模不仅比竞争解决方案更准确，而且还能够捕获和扫描最小的细节。尽管其他产品能够在小区域提亚搏彩票手机版下载供精确度，但它们可能无法在如此庞大的区域上提供相同的数据质量，这对该项目非常重要。”

Seamless integration

Leica Cyclone REGISTERwas used to register, manage and process the point cloud data. As one of the largest Scan-To-BIM projects produced in Singapore, the scans amounted up to 1 terabyte of data. The total area scanned to produce the BIM model for Changi Airport Terminal 2 covered two layers – the ground and also the ceiling area for the Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) information. Overall, more than 23,000 scans were setup to create the BIM model to LOD300 for Architecture & Structural and LOD200 for MEP. Using Leica Geosystems integrated scanning solutions, JTRS was able to handle this volume of data whilst maintaining stability.

Cyclone登记册的视觉对齐不仅减轻了将目标放在墙壁上以对齐的需要，而且还允许JTRS在一次注册中管理数万扫描。这些扫描可以根据共同的几何形状进行定位的易度性进一步加速了建模过程。得益于高对比度可视化点云，很容易覆盖大量的扫描，以创建与BIM构造的网格。

Having completed the 3D laser scanning and merging of the scans, the point clouds could then be exported into Leica JetStream. Changi Airport Group and system owners could then view the point clouds, make a walkthrough path and take further measurements from the digital model.

Jimmy Tan noted, “The software integration was absolutely seamless. Once we had exported the data in the correct format, it could then interface with multiple other software platforms such as Revit. The output could then be tailored according to the needs of the client (CAG).

通常，处理如此巨大的扫描的数据集成将非常耗时，但是使用Leica CloudWorx插件，团队能够将所有点云集成到修订中，以节省多达40％的时间来构建BIM模型。”

Delivering enduring value

“Efficiency was vital in such a vast project and we could not afford to lose time training the team or addressing technical challenges. Whilst the ease of use of both hardware and the software required minimal training, the Leica Geosystems team provided full support from start to end.

From a surveyor’s perspective, we have been particularly impressed with the cost-value of Leica Geosystems solution. We have been using equipment like the DNA03 digital level for over 10 years and it is still in perfect condition. However, the greatest value is the output we have generated for the client (CAG) here as the digital model can now be used for years - even decades to come,”concluded Jimmy Tan.

Changi Airport’s reputation as the world’s leading airport can also be credited to its focus not just on functionality, but also on aesthetics. The use of the 3D laser scanners enabled JTRS to capture even detailed image data incorporating the onboard colour and texture mapping without disrupting the constant flow of passengers in one of the world’s busiest airport.

The BIM model augmented missing design data and created a data-rich connected workflow, enabling CAG and future contractors to explore and experiment with plans and designs for the airport even without entering the facility – helping Changi Airport to retain its reputation as the world’s best airport.