将废墟转换为3D型号

作者：Reka Vasszi

Heliopolis, the City of the Sun was inscribed in 1984 as an UNESCO World Heritage site. This ancient Roman city, today called Baalbek, in the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon has a complex of temples that is an outstanding example of ancient Roman architecture. The Temple of Bacchus, in the sanctuary complex of Baalbek, is among the largest, best preserved and most impressive of its kind.

Todigitally document并保留Bacchus神庙的威严，以后，黎巴嫩国际大学的测量工程系的硕士学生捕获了3d的寺庙。

“我们使用了一种新的自动数字3D陆地激光扫描技术来创建Bacchus神庙的3D模型。使用Leica Scanstation P30enabled us to effectively and quickly capture the temple and develop 3D models that can be used for renovation and Virtual Reality (VR) applications,” said Professor Mohammad Abboud from the Lebanese International University.

Identifying layers of history

Bacchus神庙建造在公元150年至200之间，是围绕葡萄酒之神，喜悦，戏剧和生育的神话和传说的建筑表现。罗马神巴克斯（Bacchus）是自然祝福的拟人化，在古代寺庙的墙壁上雕刻着华丽。

从12世纪到14世纪，包括巴克斯神庙在内的圣所建筑群被合并为大型城堡，成为巴尔贝克中世纪强化的一部分。尽管随后的建筑层有助于维护古董建筑，但区分这种内在环境的阶段是一个挑战。考古学家对现代技术进行了复​​杂的分析，以重建古城and identify the different historical layers and materials that make up the ancient Roman settlement under the later medieval additions.

尽管古城不断重建，但百年来，巴克斯神庙仍遭受了盗窃，战争和地震的困扰。1759年的地震极大地破坏了圣殿的结构。由于古罗马城市位于容易发生地震的地区，因此重要的是要监视结构并确定可能的运动，以确保游客的安全并保存圣殿。

为遗产创建数字数据库

Laser scanning conducted by surveying engineering students at Lebanese International University proved to be an accurate and effective solution to collect precise data in a limited amount of time and allowed researchers to present archaeology to the public in a unique way—通过3D模型和交互式数字应用。

团队使用Leica Scanstation P30。然后，工程专业的学生与Leica一起处理了办公室的数据Cyclone注册360 3D点云处理软件，以注册并清洁提取表面网格的数据。点云提供了有价值的度量数据，以生成Bacchus庙的详细3D模型。

除了laser scanning, to collect more detailed information,空中摄影测量法被用来捕获巴克斯神庙及其周围环境的全景照片。

在几何分析，地形建模，摄影测量和3D激光扫描的帮助下，考古学家和建筑研究人员的传统研究方法补充了精确的数字信息。

Comparing traditional and modern technology

Traditional methods, such as GPS devices are more time-consuming and do not capture information in 3D. Traditional 2D drawings are limited in describing exact locations of geometries in a 3D space, and often present the ideal of a space, more so than the reality. Total stations are reliable and capable of collecting 3D data, however, lack the density of points to support 3D visualisation.

但是，考古站点的重建需要激光扫描可以提供的数据密度。3D数据文档可以利用传统的调查技术to ensure data accuracy and accurate global positioning. This data lends itself to Building Information Modelling (BIM) and other visualisation techniques tocreate a complex digital database, which serves as a base for future restoration or reconstruction如果需要，巴克斯神庙

3D scanning the past for the future

Heritage preservation is a continuous process, thatincludes documentation, analysis, monitoring, restoration and protection。我们的文化遗产珍宝，例如巴克斯神庙，脆弱并且容易受到环境和人类危害的影响。数字化建筑环境的这些雄伟的例子可以用来保存原始地点，并创建原始环境的存在该网站的数字记录可以在未来很长时间访问。