新哥本哈根地铁线的最大安全性

The Copenhagen Metro Line is among the world’s most modern subway systems. To improve the infrastructure in the Danish capital, the city is now expanding its existing metro system by two-thirds through construction of the new “Cityringen” subway loop. Lines M3 and M4 are now being added to the existing M1 and M2 lines. Tunnel-building activities on such a scale in the heart of an old city harbour pose great potential risk due to the unfavourable geological conditions, limited coverage and proximity to existing development. To ensure structural stability throughout the construction phases, various geodetic and geotechnical measuring systems will be used for automatic monitoring in order to detect possible deformations in a timely manner, allowing immediate countermeasures to be initiated. Automated 3D measuring systems, which are installed at every station, shaft and along the stretches of tunnel,play a particularly important role in this.

新线路包括17个新的地铁站，三个带交叉的轴和一个新的维护中心。整个大约15.5公里长的路线通过哥本哈根底土中的两个平行隧道管进行。新线路最终将将中央站（KøbenhavnH）和东站（Østerport）连接到地铁系统。像现有系统一样，新的地铁也被视为无人驾驶，全自动系统。

The overall costs for the project amount to about 2 billion euros. The Copenhagen Ministry of Transport and the municipality of Frederiksberg are the owners of this major project, represented by Metroselskabet I/S. The executive consortium is an Italian joint venture consisting of Salini/Impregilo Tecnimont and SELI – Copenhagen Metro Team (CMT).

Geodata Ziviltechnikergesellschaft MBH和Angermeier Ingenieure GmbH的合资企业收到了监视整个项目的合同，并成立了自己的新公司SMT Denmark APS，以执行这一巨大的任务。

SMT Denmark ApS is charged with the geodetic and geotechnical monitoring. This includes the precision levelling, conception, set up and servicing of automated 3D monitoring systems, and the installation and servicing of automatic inclinometers, strain and coders extensor metres, and water level gauge measuring systems. In addition, SMT Denmark ApS must also supervise KRONOS, the central project database, where all measurement results, including machine data transmitted every 30 seconds from the four tunnel boring machines (TBM), will be stored. Almost 30 employees are completely dedicated to the monitoring tasks in the Cityringen project.

In January 2012, a start was made to gradually equip all metro stations under construction and shafts with automated 3D measurement systems. Both tunnel tubes are being driven in parallel with the four TBMs. In the process, two offset machines each drive a specific route section in the new subway loop.

自2013年夏季以来，隧道部分在TBM驱动器期间配备了测量系统。在此过程中，各个总站被连接到网络中，以可靠地涵盖计划者对可能定亚博5分钟快三居点的预测（也称为影响区域）。在此过程中，多达八个Leica TM30总站连接到监视系统中，这些系统由亚博5分钟快三PC在WLAN上进行中央控制和监测。

Monitoring instruments from Leica Geosystems
SMT Denmark APS的两家公司都是长期以来的Leica Geosystems的忠实客户。因此，在项目开始时，选择大地测量工具和配件的供应商在瑞士高级制造商上落在瑞士高级制造商上。在整个项目期间，这再次被证明是一个绝佳的选择，就像在较早的项目中一样。测量仪器的精度如此之高，以至于3D测量系统和冗余水平测量值是通过Leica DNA03水平和2米的Invar员工进行的，与半毫米匹配。高质量的测量结果极大地促进了该项目的成功。

每天60,000个无噪声测量
对于所有自动测量系统，标准测量频率是每两个小时。在临界情况下，根据要测量的特定点数，测量频率将降低至一小时或30分钟。

A special case arose during the monitoring of existing metro tubes when the TBM had to cross the tunnel tubes. Here, the measurement frequency for 10 points actually had to be raised to every 90 seconds in order to be able to give constant feedback regarding settlement during the crossing.

该软件观察者是Angermeier Ingenieure GmbH的专有软件，控制了每个总站。在测量周期内的每个测量中，它会自动消除异常值。然后将所有测量值转移到调整软件中并处理。如果结果在准确性的所需范围内，则将坐标和协议传输到Kronos数据库，Kronos数据库是Geodata Ziviltechnikergesellschaft MBH的专有软件。如果超过数据传输故障或内部警告或警报级别，例如，如果补偿器值超出指定的准确性范围，则立即，自动通知分配给预定义的内部组。

截至2014年12月，在21个新结构上安装了72个Leica TM30亚博5分钟快三车站。平均沿隧道路线并联21个电台。亚博5分钟快三一部分完成后约四个月，它们被取消并重新安装在新部分中。

总站安装了4,000多个棱镜。亚博5分钟快三每天大约有60,000次测量。总体而言，到目前为止已经进行了超过4400万个3D测量。同样，也有600,000个手动级别测量值。

Leica Geosystems的噪音产生极低的总站肯定值得一提。亚博5分钟快三可以轻松地将它们直接安装在卧室的窗户上，而不会唤醒居民的睡眠。

总站的连续维修亚博5分钟快三
Four employees are responsible for taking care of the total stations. Their tasks include troubleshooting malfunctions that arise in individual systems and installation of new systems in the station and tunnel sections. After passage of two tunnel boring machines has taken place, they must take down the sensors again. The 3D systems are still in operation at the metro stations under construction.

所有计算机都可以从主中心远程访问，这在需要访问网络时是有利的。如果无法通过远程维护来纠正错误，则本地小队会出现以找到问题。这些故障中的许多是由电台中断的建筑活动引起的，例如电源中断或由于大型建筑机器而引起的参考和变形棱镜的受限视觉通信。

SMT丹麦APS已在3.5吨卡车上添加了自己的起重平台，用于安装棱镜和总站。亚博5分钟快三这是灵活并进行安装，拆卸或交换设备进行维护的唯一方法。

经验丰富的团队 - 可靠的系统
Operating such a large monitoring project for the benefit and safety of Copenhagen’s citizens and visitors is a great challenge for the entire team and the measuring system.

就团队而言，这里需要大量经验。内部流程是不断优化的。观察者中的软件组件也受到此复杂监控项目的要求的不断变化，也需要进行连续的修改。

这些仪器对质量，可靠性和精度的最大需求受到影响。对员工的要求很快，自信地对出现的每一个故障做出反应，同样高。从利卡（Leica Geosystems）监视传感器是这项艰巨任务的理想合作伙伴。

Dieter Heinz撰写