Leica Cyclone 3DR - 智能自动化

几年前，当您单独测量每个点时，用总站创建一个点可能需要很多时间。对于一个总站，您测量的每个点都是出于某种原因，因为您只捕获允许您提取所需信息的点。随着3D激光扫描技术的提高，可以在一小部分时间内衡量数百万分，并且随着技术的发展，该数据捕获的速度将继续提高。随着数据量的增加，数据量带来了令人兴奋的新机会，可以自动化其处理并提取可用的信息和可交付成果。

Leica Geosystems几年前提出的第一步是可以通过像Leica JetStream和TruViewfor example. Sharing data allows users to see the collected information in one place, making it quickly and easily available to someone to visualise and work productively with the point cloud. In other words, these collaborative platforms already allow users to access the collected data they want to see, when they want to see it - anytime, anywhere.

麦格纳 - 用户案例研究

During a recent talk fromMAGNAat HxGN LIVE 2019, Magna compared two data collection methods in a case study where they were tasked to answer a simple question: is there enough space in an old tunnel for a modern train? This question was asked for the following reasons: no original drawings of the tunnel’s surface were available and it had already been modified multiple times after it was built to support different track gauges.

他们比较的方法是一侧的常规地形（经典的单点测量方法，而不是仪器上的3D扫描方法）和3D激光扫描(millions of points approach) on the other side.

The data from the conventional approach was first registered inLeica Infinity和then processed inLeica Cyclone 3dr（以前是3dreshaper）。Magna报道说，他们能够使用软件中可用的算法，以便有效地提取他们在点云中寻找的信息。

In Cyclone 3DR, the tools they used were:

• 降低噪音以清理点云
• Removing vegetation in the point cloud with the DTM tool
• 用网格划分工具在隧道中创建表面
• Simulating train envelope using extrusion tools
• Generating reports

In this use case, the DTM tool, which is looking for the lowest points in a point cloud was critical. For this application, the vegetation was not critical to the analysis and thus it can be removed. What is critical is the ground and the cliff. In order to distinguish the cliff from the vegetation, Magna utilised the flexible DTM tool to define the vertical direction. Defining the vertical direction as perpendicular to the cliff allowed them to extract the surface of the cliff even though it is a vertical surface.

隧道本身was meshed using the 3D meshing algorithms as well as all the tools allowing to fill holes, smooth or generally improve the mesh. This triangulated surface was used as reference surface for all collision avoidance analysis further on. The comparison of the two approaches included both an accuracy comparison and a cost comparison.

结论如下：

• 就花费的时间而言，总站的常规方法需要超过2周，而激光扫描方法在2天内产生了结果：1天在现场捕获数据和1天在办公室中以处理数据（即总站的传统方法比传统方法快5倍。
• 就准确性而言，报道了激光扫描方法提供的数据更准确，更详细，最终更可靠，因为通过消除操作员的需求确定应确定哪些点应该是的，从该过程中删除了全部错误选择进行测量。数据的准确性和密度都被强调为激光扫描的好处。通过激光扫描在点云中捕获的每个单独的石头，而不是对现场捕获团队使用总站数据时对事物重要的主观确定。

The laser scanning approach was therefore validated by Magna as it allowed them to improve both productivity and data quality. They reported that the key component was the Cyclone 3DR software which was used to process the data. Thanks to the laser scanning approach, Magna were able to deliver the right information at the right time. After careful analysis, the conclusion was that a modern train can go through an old tunnel without expensive modifications.

智能自动化的组件

This analysis reported by Magna, is exactly what we want to deliver - accurate and reliable information channelled through an efficient data processing workflow to support real-world decision making.

The laser scanning workflow includes six components that are fundamental to increase productivity and efficiency. These 6 components allow users to extract the right information through smart automation:

1. 存储数据
   随着3D激光扫描和新技术的易用性可以捕获的积分数量的增加，3D点云的规模已大大增加，并在未来几年中继续增长。例如，您不能仅使用硬盘驱动器存储数据以便再访问它。Jetstream中提供的数据库方法是真实的一个单一来源，许多用户能够同时远程访问它，并在不同的CAD环境中使用相同的项目数据，同时将其更改同步到中央数据库。
   
   
2. Quickly access and share data
   A central and reliable database is important. Being able to quickly access this single source of truth and share it with your project members or clients is key. With big data sets, all the points captured should be available all the time and rendered in your chosen platform so that you get the information you need where you need it, with no frustrating lag times, despite the size of the data.
   
   
3. 互操作性
   在我们的3D数据消费世界中，那里的不同文件格式的数量只是巨大的。有些人是由财团开放和指定的，而另一些则是专有二进制格式的，并且不包含与该项目相关的标签，测量和元数据的完整项目记录。任何给定的项目都可能涉及几个不同的软件，用于数据准备，检查，建模以及QA/QC或共享。支持简单的数据流入和流出旋风3DR至关重要。
   
   这些努力使我们提出了不同的方法：首先，自2018年以来可用的LGS文件格式是Leica GeoSystems Universal Digital Meality Reality Project Project Project File。LGS文件旨在在可转让的文件中提供Jetstream的功能，该文件可以通过许多不同的CAD环境消费CloudWorxplugins. Second: direct Sent to CAD functionality. This allows Cyclone 3DR to send data directly to another 3D software, for instance AutoCAD and MinePlan fromHexagon Mining. third, support for industry standard formats. Within Cyclone 3DR. Up to 15 different files formats are supported for import in Cyclone 3DR and recent efforts have been made to support AEC file formats (IFC and RVT as well as export to 3D PDF).
   
   
4. 算法
   算法是智能自动化的关键组件。从点云中提取信息的不同技术有助于通过将所有步骤整合到几个引导步骤中来自动化数据处理。
   
   In the use case reported by Magna, three algorithms were identified as key: noise removal, meshing and DTM extraction. These algorithms are the fruit of intense development efforts over the last years. But of course, there are many others available in Cyclone 3DR which have proven their efficiency, for example creating clusters of points according to their spatial distribution or the extraction of breaklines.
   
   We strive to make use of the latest techniques. Often, tools and techniques developed for one domain might fit very well within the workflow of another domain, as is the case of the Digital Terrain Model tool in this study. While DTM was initially conceived of as a Survey tool, it was applied with great success to this specialised extraction workflow—an application far removed from its original design.
   
   
5. Dedicated workflow
   We have touched upon the algorithms, data interoperability and quick access to a large centralised database. These features serve as a toolbox of great flexibility that can support a large variety of applications. For users facing a new, niche application, this assortment of tools is great. However, in order to automate the workflow for a common application, dedicated workflows tools and customised workflows are necessary.
   
   行业和特定于应用程序特定的工作流程使用户可以从其点云数据的导入开始，并一直指导他们到可交付的生成，包括每个中间步骤。随着从3Dreshaper到Cyclone 3DR的过渡，将灵活的工具箱重新配置为导向的工作流程，以进行不同的应用，例如横截面检查或坦克检查。同样地，Cyclone REGISTER 360还围绕指导工作流程设计，以允许初学者或新手用户处理简单的项目。
   
   
6. 灵活性
   需要注意的最后一个组件是灵活性。我们如何制作一个足够灵活的产品以适应新的未知应用程序，并且使用限于最初计划的用途？在Cyclone 3DR中，脚本为用户提供了最终的灵活性。脚本allows users to leverage the entire toolbox of 3DR to automate a succession of recurring tasks. For instance, always loading a point cloud, removing the noise, aligning with a CAD data, do a comparison and generate a PDF report – all of this can be done automatically, with or without user input.
   
   But scripting in Cyclone 3DR is much more than just repeating a succession of recurring tasks that already exist within the Cyclone 3DR toolbars. Thanks to access to low level functions such as getting all the points within a sphere or creating the best fit line from this subset of points, users can really develop additional algorithms and extract the information they are looking for. Such an approach was proven in a script dedicated to extract curbs in a street. In this script for example, six low level functions are used:
• 在给定距离的线路上的单独点
• 点云减少
• 3D网格
• 3D best fit of 2 meshes
• 应用矩阵变换
• Best Plane

对这些低级别功能的访问使得将脚本应用于多种传感器的数据是可能的：成像 /手持式激光扫描仪（BLK360或者BLK2GOfor example), high density scanners (RTC或者P-Series例如,移动映射ystems (Pegasus:Two和Pegasus:Backpack). This script will extract kilometres of curbs and will stop only when no points were measured on the curb!

The right information at the right time

The right information at the right time While, we pride ourselves in providing tools to customers that provide them with the right information at the right time, we also welcome information from customers to improve our products.

正是通过客户的支持及其从领域的反馈来开发路线图。如果您有任何产品反馈，我们建议您通过此表格与我们联系。

For more information on Cyclone 3DR, please visit our产品页面或者contact us.


Gilles Monnier
总经理Technodigit
Reality Capture Division