测量由生物质燃烧引起的气溶胶

案例分析

作者:贾斯汀·费舍尔

From June to October, the burning of agricultural fields in southern Africa creates smoke that blows west across the south-eastern Atlantic Ocean and reaches Brazil,more than 4,500 miles (7,242 kilometres)离开。使用微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)和其他仪器,由美国能源部运营的大气辐射测量(ARM)用户设施的研究人员,收集数据16个月为了帮助了解这些空气传播颗粒如何影响气候。


Better data needed in climate models



Biomass burning (BB) produces aerosols that enter the atmosphere. A significant amount of this particulate matter consists of black carbon and other carbonaceous aerosols that absorb light, warming the atmosphere; however, if the underlying surface is a dark ocean, the particles reflect light, cooling the atmosphere.科学家需要准确的测量of each type of aerosol in the layers of the atmosphere to研究烟雾的运动和长期后果

目前,在全球气候模型中,远离来源的BB气溶胶层的垂直范围很差。为了帮助改善模型,ARM从2016年6月至2017年10月在Ascension Island上部署了与云层(LASIC)运动的分层大西洋烟雾相互作用的移动大气观测员之一约1,000英里。(1,609公里)在非洲西海岸。从这个独特的位置,研究人员录制了从众多仪器进行测量,以编译一个代表两个BB季节的综合数据集。


用于激光研究的微脉冲激光雷达



升天岛上的手臂移动设施

ARM launched the LASIC campaign specifically to gather data on how smoke properties (i.e., ability to absorb shortwave radiation) change after long-range atmospheric transport, as well as the smoke’s effect on clouds. While aerosol surface measurements were available from multiple instruments, to study the vertical structure and the monthly and seasonal variations of the BB aerosol layers transported to this remote island, it was important to include profiling instrumentation.

“One of the critical MPL capabilities for LASIC is its dual-polarisation capability, which allows discrimination of smoke, dust and sea salt aerosol layers above Ascension Island,”said Paytsar Muradyan, Argonne National Laboratory researcher.“Also, the ARM mobile facilities are frequently deployed in remote locations around the world, and MPL is capable of providing unattended continuous observations of clouds and aerosols.”



从MPL观测的一天(2018-08-15)的灭绝曲线显示,在21小时内,下沉的烟雾层从00时约2.8 km到21小时的大约1.8 km。

在整个激光场活动中,收集了由大气颗粒的反向散射信号曲线组成的原始MPL测量值。ARM数据中心(ADC)摄入了每小时的原始数据以及MPL校正,气候和预测(CF)标准化NETCDF文件在ADC上存档以帮助验证结果。

对检索到的灭绝配置文件的月度变化的分析提供了首次查看。进化'BB和BB季节的气溶胶垂直结构以及升天岛上的烟雾层升高。在南部非洲燃烧季节(10月至10月),可能影响地球能量平衡和云特性的大量气溶胶在海洋边界层中很常见。

The MPL data shows thesmoke layer is present mostly above boundary layerbetween 1.5 to 3 km在7月的燃烧季节开始时9月延伸至4公里。BB烟雾层的发生与在表面观察到的黑色峰浓度(> 1,000纳米图/立方米)一致,这表明这些气溶胶非常吸收,因为后轨迹表明它们起源于相同的大陆BB区域。

“在激光期间收集的数据提高了我们当前对气溶胶垂直分布及其辐射影响的理解,”Lasic运动的首席研究员Paquita Zuidema说。“这最终将导致长期气候预测的准确性提高,并帮助我们为能源和环境挑战开发可持续的解决方案。”


Elevating atmospheric monitoring



在位于南大西洋的升天岛上,烟雾笼罩着第一臂移动设施。

MPL仪器可帮助科学家,气象学家和空气质量专业人士监视气雾剂,以更好地了解我们的气氛结构。MPL的远程功能和高质量信号提高了数据捕获过程的效率和准确性,以改善大气监测。MPL最初是由Sigma Space为NASA设计的,现在是Hexagon的一部分,它使用了眼部安全激光器,精确的亚搏苹果app光子计数和内置数据分析来提供最佳的信噪比,从而提供了此类别中最可靠的信息。

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