The mountain calls

KlöntalerSee坐落在海拔848米的海平面，早在1655年就开始启发，苏黎世艺术家康拉德·梅耶（Conrad Meyer）绘制了第一个现代的高山全景。该湖面由岩石滑坡（Rockslide）久久以前创建，并由2900毫米高的山地massifglärnisch创建，这对于游客和艺术家来说仍然是令人陶醉的美丽之美的令人惊叹的吸引力。但是，诗人和画家不仅认识到3.3平方公里的大型仅限的潜力，这是由周围的山溪（Klön）等周围的山溪喂养的。1908年，klöntalersee在罗丹伯格和萨克伯格之间的东边扣押了一个土墩，为周围的村庄和公司发电。

由于新的220米长和21.5米高的地球大坝，该湖泊可携带约3980万立方米的水，如果需求波动和高峰时段，则可以用来发电。

从空气到水

With their groundbreaking approach to combine hydrography and photogrammetry, the IngenieurTeam GEO GmbH planned to survey the area by using their sounding boat, Surveyor, Leica Geosystems industrial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) solution as well as state-of-the-art positioning technology from Leica Geosystems in the Swiss canton of Glarus. The goal was to generate a 3D-model for accurate and inch-step precise calculation and simulation of the actual holding capacity.

在采取了所有准备措施之后，批准过程和计划已经完成，来自卡尔斯鲁希的专家带着他们的声纳船只到达220公里以上的湖泊进入瑞士阿尔卑斯山，以常规的水表绘制湖泊的污染状况。在瑞士国家坐标系统LV03中记录了船只和Leica Geosystems无人机所做的所有测量。

With 172 planned recording lines, the 6-meter-long vessel set sail to create a detailed picture of the lake’s soil using its Reson SeaBat 8101 Multibeam echosounder. The fathometer emits acoustic signals at an angle of 150 degrees and calculates the depth of the water by measuring the elapsed time of the echo. At 101 beams per ping at a frequency of 30 pings per second, the hydrographs receive high-precision data of the bed with a graticule of 3,030 single points per second. With an overlap of one-third of every measuring track, the experts ensure that an accuracy of less than 10 centimeters is achieved during their measurement.

但是在收集数据之前，必须精确校准测量系统，以避免干扰因素并正确确定结果。因此，必须在每次部署之前对传感器技术进行调整，以减去容器的线性运动以及围绕其车轴旋转以阻止任何伪造。水文图获得清晰详细的湖泊地面视图的另一个步骤是将水的声音速度考虑到计算中，这取决于温度和悬浮颗粒的变化，并且在藤水中变得尤为重要。

船推出和校准后，船员们以两个半小时的长时间巡游出海，以对湖泊的性格产生第一印象，并开始创建土壤的第一个声纳数据。遵循计划的路线并考虑了湖泊的深度和质地，测量师的高技能水文图收集了足够的信息，以创建134.837.653 X-Y-Z-Coordinates的点云。总而言之，观察船的船员在五天之内就记录了KlöntalerSee的所有2,855,204平方米。

Beyond limits

不仅快速变化的天气状况和骨气冷的冷，将人和机器推向了极限，随着冰川的massifglärnisch构建了南部路堤的建筑，环境还对技术进行了测试。Massif凭借其2,900 m的身份，实际上将其阴影投向了。通过地块陡峭的斜坡，距离河滨附近，专家担心，由于Klöntalersee的南侧信号不透明度，他们可能会失去GPS流。在这种情况下，将船只位置的确定是由放置在湖北部和东海岸的转速仪进行的。由于湖泊的长期肾脏形状，这将导致严重的问题，以获取船位的准确细节。

通过在测量师上使用Leica viva GS 16 GNSS天线，可以将具有多层声纳记录的数据分配给其坐标。凭借其内置的SmartLink技术，即使GSM网络的信号丢失了，机组人员仍然能够记录高精度数据并接收GNSS校正数据。多亏了550个频道，最先进的测量引擎和超现代RTK算法，无人机和船只的数据都可以精确地分配给测试结果。

由于它们的一般设计，很难为配备多光束的船只捕获银行情况。除此之外，损坏敏感且昂贵的传感器的风险在浅水中迅速上升，并且在海岸的附近。为了获得数量计算和仿真的精确结果，工程师依靠他们在无人机的经验，并决定通过摄影测量法捕获空气寄宿的海岸和路堤。

Precision from the sky

在从船上定期测量湖泊后，工程师开始计划Leica Geosystems无人机解决方案的航班。为了捕获与船的测量值重叠的岸边，至关重要的是，在较低的水位上计划以下飞机。在季节性降低了KlöntalerSee的水平之后，对Leica Geosystems Hexacopter进行了调查。

For this purpose, the experts of the Ing.Team GEO planned the flight with the in-house built flight planning software, set the waypoints for the following flights, and determined the parameters suitable for the survey, such as height, ground sampling distance (GSD), flight speed and overlapping of the data. To record the often angled and steep terrain of the bank area as precisely as possible, the experts decided to survey each area several times to increase the validity of their data. After the flight planning on the PC had been completed and the waypoints were loaded onto the UAVs internal storage, the ground control points (GCP) around the lake were measured with the Viva GS16 so first flights could begin.

再次，对高山水库的测量提出了自己对人和机器的挑战。除了平均温度低于0度的摄氏摄氏度外，迅速的天气变化和低云，Klöntalersee的南岸再次倾斜了山墙，这是最大的挑战。由于陡峭的墙壁和海岸茂密的植被使飞行员不可能从土地上行动，因此必须启动并降落在单独的船上。除了敏感和可靠的技术外，飞行员的技能和稳定之手也尤为重要。

Despite the adverse conditions, the team from Karlsruhe was able to collect highly precise data in 18 flights, so the dry shore strip with a total length of more than 12 km was covered within two days. With a picture taken every two seconds and the drone moving with 4 m/s, the experts ensured that the data was recorded with the highest accuracy by the camera attached to the flying multisensor platform.

“由于无人机的快速数据可用性，我们能够评估现场的第一个结果。”

Combining technologies with accuracy

As with the recordings of the surveying boat, it was of immanent importance for the UAV-based results to accurately reference them. For this purpose, the experts of the Ingenieurteam GEO equipped the UAV with an special RTK / GNSS module and used in addition the Viva GS16 GNSS antenna, which was the perfect match to work under these difficult conditions to achieve an accuracy of 1-3 cm in georeferencing the collected data.

进行所有测量后，测量专家开始处理获得的数据。由Multibeam Sonar创建的点云必须被馈入PDS 2000轴承软件，以手动编辑和纠正它们的不精确。为了将河岸的数据集成到数量计算中，必须将所有4,400个使用无人机创建的高分辨率图像进口到飞行计划软件中，并将它们与UAV日志文件中的坐标合并。之后，在后处理软件Agisoft Photoscan Pro中编辑了Georected数据，以创建3D模型和点云。随后，将两种3D模型组合在Autodesk ApplicationAutoCAD®Civil3D中，以生成湖泊状况的精确模型。

Using the data from the 3D model, the engineers generated a precise map with elevation lines for their client. By being able to generate such a precise result and to combine two completely different ways of surveying large and challenging areas, the engineers stood up to the game and used the most modern technology to get the job done. With the data generated by boat and UAV, the experts are able to fulfill their clients’ wishes of a detailed virtual 3D model and a metres long situation plan with contour lines printed out.

“The combination of the measurement results of our modern multibeam system and Leica Geosystems UAV allows us to generate high-precision data very quickly,” said Busse.

Once again choosing the flying multisensory platform by Leica Geosystems to rethink conventional ways of working was the right choice for the professionals to achieve the best results.