Scanning the top of Europe

Reaching the top of Mont Blanc, Europe’s highest peak, is a formidable challenge even to the most experienced alpinists – not only because of its elevation, but also because of its severe weather conditions. Strong winds and snowfall at the summit constantly cause altitude and volume fluctuations to the mountain’s ice cap. This motivated a team of expert surveyors to take on the mountain’s challenge and every two years, determine the actual variations of the ice cap using the latest in measurement technology. This year a team consisting of two surveyors from Leica Geosystems France and the Chartered Land Surveyors, based in France’s Upper Savoy region, decided to make the first ever 3D laser scan of the shape and volume of this legendary glacier using the Leica Nova MS50 MultiStation.

The team of 14 climbers included the surveyors and their technical partners: Covadis (Géomédia), Teria (Exagone) and Leica Geosystems. They were accompanied by guides, a photographer and a cameraman. Leica Geosystems, responsible for measuring the elevation and shape of the ice cap of Mont Blanc, was represented by Farouk Kadded, Product Manager at LGS France, an experienced alpinist and who founded the partnership that was formed with the surveyors from the Upper Savoy region. Farouk has taken part in the expedition since 2001 and explained why 2013 offered an opportunity to add a new technical dimension to the adventure.

Farouk说:“使用世界上第一个多阶段Leica Nova MS50来捕获有史以来的第一次3D激光扫描,这似乎是完全合适的。这将节省时间并提供比我们前几年进行的GPS测量值更高的点密度。在如此极端的温度和风速因子为10°C(14°F)的情况下,快速数据收集是一个真正的奖励。我们第一次使用一种仪器,不仅结合了总站测量,数字图像,3D激光扫描和GNSS定位的最新技术,而且还旨在在极端条件下运行。我们唯一的考虑是额外的重量。将乐器运送到山顶上增加了我的背包约七公斤,但结果肯定值得。”

Measurement ambassadors
在深吸一口气并欣赏了非凡的观点之后,团队几乎没有时间输。温度就像 - 25°C( - 13°F),阵风超过50 km/h(31 mph)。为了进行冰盖的3D激光扫描,他们必须迅速准备并设置Leica Nova MS50多站以及两个Leica Viva GS14接收器:一项用于进行精确的高度测量,后来将在后处理期间进行分析和一个接收器,用于进行运动学测量。

在设置第一个GNSS天线进行两个小时的观察之后,测量师开始使用第二个天线,该天线将进行大约一百个冰盖测量。同时,负责跨阶段的法鲁克(Farouk)将其定位为扫描冰盖。几分钟后,尽管有冻结的条件,但仍记录了将近100,000点,这立即显示在多站屏幕上。这证实了调查已经完成,团队可以开始下降。

调查公司的所有者,内阁博雷尔(Cabinet Borrel),探险队的一位经验丰富的成员菲利普·博雷尔(Philippe Borrel)表示:“使用Nova MS50多站模型对Mont Blanc Summit进行建模是一种精确测量的练习,与传统地形相比,准确性更高。在这种敌对的环境中工作时,数据收集的速度和能够使用最小数量的控制点尤其有利。考虑到我们必须攀登的岩石地形,陡峭的斜坡和大风山脊,我们大大减少了完成工作所需的时间和能量,使多站的大小和重量变得令人惊讶地容易。”

Mont Blanc的确切测量是什么?
2013年的探险事实证明,蒙特·布兰克(Mont Blanc)的当前高度为4,810.02 m(15,780.91 ft),比2011年的42厘米(16.5英寸)少于42 cm(16.5英寸)。covering the peak may vary the actual summit’s altitude anywhere from 15 to 20 m (49 to 66 ft). Expedition partner Géomédia calculated the volume of the ice cap covering the rocky summit at 20,213 m³ (26,438 yd³) and produced a 3D animation from the scan data as well. In the future, these results will help researchers determine possible changes to the ice cap caused by global warming.

法鲁克·卡德德(Farouk Kadded)指出:“多阶段为测量活动增加了一个新的维度,使我们能够首次生产出Mont Blanc冰盖的精确3D模型。将数据收集到毫米准确性是人类和技术成就,这项运动表明,这项技术是游戏的首要任务。”

由玛丽·卡罗琳·朗多(Marie-Caroline Rondeau)撰写

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