Creating a new ski jump complex

作者：Beate Wesenigk

Whether for the World Ski Championships, the Four Hills Tournament or the Alpine World Ski Cup, the Schattenberg ski jump in Oberstdorf in Bavaria, Germany, is the main venue for international ski jumping competitions each year. Refurbishment and new build work is being planned for the 53rd Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf in 2021. This will include a new "Einkehr" jump complex, named after the "Einkehr-Schwung", the existing culinary establishment facing the arena. ing-Geovision has created a digital terrain model (DTM) as part of the planning process.

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Ski jumping on Schattenberg

1909年，第一个滑雪舞台建于德国Allgäu阿尔卑斯山的Oberstdorf附近。经过一些最初的怀疑，这项运动充满热情。在第一年，布鲁诺·比勒（Bruno Biehler）将纪录的跃升为22米，以推动该设施的范围。1920年代初制定了新的跳跃计划。

The new Schattenberg ski jump was used for the first time on 27 December 1925 – it is now 93 years old. The jumps and surrounding terrain have been modified and expanded repeatedly over the years. To improve the ski jump track for the 53rd Nordic World Ski Championships in 2021, the facility will be refurbished.

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Challenges: area size, accessibility and self-imposed targets

德语surveying company ing-Geovision received the task tocreate a DTMrequired as a reliable basis for the ski jump complex plans. The firm faced several challenges:

1. The size of the area to be recorded - approximately 270,000 square metres.
2. Some areas of the hilly, wooded areas are, in addition, very difficult to access and cannot be reached with terrestrial surveying equipment.
3. The self-imposed target of capturing all data within just one day.

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Surveying 38 Alpine football fields in one day

The three-person surveying team set off early from Traunreut to Oberstdorf in Germany perfectly prepared with different surveying equipment.

Step 1: The control point field

通过现有六点控制场形成的Leica GS16智能天线测量了地形调查的基础。The GS16 Smart Antenna minimised the problem of mountainous areas with valleys and woods, which shadowed satellite reception for the GNSS survey.

步骤2：测量控制点，轮廓和河岸

While the control point field was being determined, the targets for the scanning and the control points for the fly over were being set with the Leica TS16 total station. The TS16 was also used in surveying the profile of the wood. In total, this method produced900个人点、ed almost entirely on steep terrain.

Step 3: Laser scanning and panoramic photos

The Leica ScanStation P40 was used to scan the area with 36 standpoints. All round scans with a3x3 milimetres的分辨率at 10 m were recorded.

“ P40扫描仪只是3.5分钟每个角度并具有额外的优势，即在办公室可以使用黑色/白色目标点。结果是一个非常密集的点云由总计2,036,358,871个单个点组成。在几秒钟内，在每次扫描时也记录了全HDR 360°球形图像。图片可以通过Leica Cyclone激光扫描软件阅读，而无需进行任何进一步的处理，并用于注册和处理数据，”said Richard Steiglechner, head of surveying for ing-Geovision.

步骤4：飞过

To better survey the vast area and to be able to record the sections that cannot be reached using other methods, a fly over was done with a Leica Geosystems Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). A flight plan was generated with the software supported by the UAV before theautomated GNSS supported fly overtook place, covering all the sloping terrain as well as any obstacles, such as the jump towers. The software calculated the waypoints of the desired flight path based on the flight altitude, the obstacles, and the required accuracy using Bing maps. A series of643 aerial photographswere taken using the attached camera in the UAV.

The three ing-Geovision"aries", who are also trained mountaineers, captured thedata of 270,000 m² at more than 4,000 of altitude in one dayand store their instruments before dawn.

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从传感器准备测量数据

The surveyed control and individual points from the GS16 and the TS16 were loaded by the experts into the national coordinate system via an ASCII file. The scan data from the P40 and the MS50 were later entered into the Leica Cyclone scanning software for registration. Additional options were selected for importing, such as filtering the point cloud toeliminate unwanted erroneous points.

“旋风的复杂过滤技术和扫描仪的脉冲测量技术的结合使得消除所谓的混合像素，即发生的朦胧点EN激光束在边缘和下面的表面上分开。” Steiglechner说。

Ing-Geovision experts could automatically align the spherical 360° panoramic images with the point cloud and the true colours assigned at each scan point using the "fixed" option in Cyclone to将点云从每个位置转换为整体坐标系统using target marks, cloud constraints (point clouds with identical geometry in the overlapping sections between two scans) and point standards.

“The target marks were collected directly in Cyclone. Identical cloud constraints, or sections, are automatically found by the 3D point cloud processing software. We could use a viewer to assist us in case of doubt,”said Stefan Nawrat, head of engineering surveying for ing-Geovision.

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The result: a digital terrain model that perfectly fits

一旦编辑了来自单个传感器的数据，将所有单个点和飞过的点云导入到旋风中，以加入P40和MS50扫描中已经注册的点云。现在，将五种不同测量工具的所有要点合并为一个软件。然后，通过切割点云来对点云的位置准确性进行视觉检查。

The collected point clouds consisting of 2.15 billion points was exported as a Leica JetStream project so the point cloud could be further used and accessed anywhere.

“This approach reduces processing time and the risk of errors as the data does not need to be constantly copied backwards and forwards and it ensures that exactly the same accurate information is available for all further processing stages in different programmes, be that AutoCAD, MicroStation, 3D Reshaper or Autodesk Revit,Ing-Geovision董事总经理Bernd Hafensteiner说。

To draw the ski jump complex in the CAD programme, the open JetStream point cloud was shared, assisted by the Leica CloudWorx point cloud plug-ins, simplifying the drawing of flaws based on the point cloud.

DTM是使用3D Reshaper（软件系统）创建的用于创建地形轮廓，提取地面和断线.

“3D Reshaper清除点云，并创建一个仅包含地面点的点云组，仅在仅30秒内。它的全面设置保证了我们团队的精确结果，”Markus Prechtl, head of surveying flights for ing-Geovision.

将3D Reshaper创建的DTM作为DXF文件转移到承包商。为了让承包商访问浏览器中的点云，设置了公司Leica Truview Enterprise Server上的附加密码保护区域。

To plan the new "Einkehr” jump in the Audi Arena in Oberstdorf, only a precise point cloud and a comprehensive DTM would do. Using Leica Geosystems’ technology, the ing-Geovision team provided the best foundation for the next 93 years and beyond of ski jumping on the Schattenberg ski jump arena.