通过监测更深入地挖掘

作者：Martin Rub, Lidija Špiranec & Katja Omlor

Swiss Federal Railways (SBB)initiated a long-term expansion project together with the city of Winterthur to increase the performance of the Winterthur railway station. Due to the increasing number of passengers deciding to go with this environmentally-friendly transport alternative – daily around 120.000 people – Switzerland’s fourth-largest railway station required a larger pedestrian underpass in the North for better entrances to the platforms, as well as an adjacent bicycle tunnel which connects the two parts of the city and is also leading to a large bicycle garage. The planned new pedestrian and bicycle underpass also included various stores for an enhanced shopping experience. For this complex project – especially when stopping the rail traffic was not an option – the SBB contractedARGEStraburg(STRABAG AG and Burger Stahlbau AG) for the construction part, whereasTerradata AGwas chosen by the Contractor for the entire monitoring and surveying scope of the project.

扩展具有功能性和视觉底色：作为提高旅行和生活质量的镜头，该项目应该有助于将Winterthur火车站变成一个有吸引力的城市门口，连接了旧城区中心和城市的新部分。新的行人和自行车地下通道，一个新的物流中心以及骑自行车的人的地下停车位将在选择这种运输工具时提高乘客的安全和舒适感。

Whenever a project touches people’s lives, especially in terms of their safety, selecting the best partners is of utmost importance.

A daring project with high safety requirements

The new pedestrian underpass “Nord” at the Winterthur railway station passes under seven existing railway tracks. For this purpose the engineering consortium, encompassingLocher Ingenieure AG,F. Preisig AGand10:8 Architekten GmbH，创建了一个50米宽的走廊的概念 - 在建造的四年中，有14个临时铁路桥梁使其越过它。此外，要在项目期间安全地指导行人，PUWI工程联盟为行人计划了一座单独的临时钢桥。出于安全原因，还需要监视此临时桥梁。最后，这个复杂的项目还涵盖了火车站上方的现有停车场，包括通道坡道。停车甲板将在火车站的顶部静态铺设。在地下区域，支柱必须暂时支撑新的地下通道天花板和停车甲板的预先提到的支柱。

Figure1：上面的停车甲板框架的新地下通道和临时支撑微孔的横截面。可视化还显示了停车甲板和临时桥（左右），包括锚。彩色点强调受监视点。Locher Ingenieure AG绘画。

During the construction, settlement and displacements of the operating tracks, the temporary bridges and the existing parking deck, overlaying the train station, have to be permanently monitored every 15 minutes.

As the railway needs to remain fully operational and safe, the monitoring systemTerradatainstalled sends alerts as soon as it detects movements outside of the defined thresholds. This complex project combines not only measuring track deformation but also monitoring other building processes during the complete overhaul of the parking deck. For these reasons, the temporary bridges are monitored by magnetic reflective prisms at every end (blue points). In front and behind the temporary bridges, the rail tracks are monitored every 4.8 m (blue points). The temporary pillars, supporting the parking deck (magenta points), are monitored on four different height levels to detect possible settlements while excavating their micropiles.

Figure2: Terradata’s concept for measuring all the coloured monitoring points.Locher Ingenieure AG绘画。

莫nitored area has to be expanded to neighbouring buildings too to prevent structural damage and ensure peoples’ safety. Terradata AG collects data using geodetic and geotechnical monitoring sensors. Based on the gathered data, 3D deformations are calculated (like twist and settlement of railways tracks and other typical railroad parameters).

Figure3: Leica Geosystems monitoring total station on a ceiling mounting plate.

Figure4:左:一列火车经过temporary bridges, supported by micropiles. Right: The transition zone of the track ballasts onto the temporary steel bridges. Both structures are measured by Leica total stations every 15 minutes over three years.

莫nitoring super package

Terradatarelies on Leica Geosystems’ total stations and its GeoMoS monitoring solution for automatic deformation monitoring, one of the crucial parts being theLeica Nova TM50 monitoring total station. It is the best instrument for monitoring railway operation – fast and quiet, barely ever getting noticed by the passengers on the platforms.

The equipment combination, chosen for the Winterthur site, was:

• 7 Leica Geosystems automated monitoring total stations
• 420 glass precise reflective prisms
• 25用于建筑沉降监测的静静力水平
• 20 pressure sensors to monitor load
• 2 vibration sensors to monitor structural vibration
• 40 crack meters to monitor the impact of underpinning the railway building
• 20 tilt sensors to monitor micropiles

Figure5：左：铁路建筑的基础建筑的BIM模型，其微型底座。右：将建筑物按在临时微孔上的挖掘工作（BIMF. Preisig AG).

Figure6:TEDAMOS（Terradata的瑞士监控解决方案）Web查看器，所有用于铁路建筑物基础的测量值。两个3D Leica总站监亚博5分钟快三视了立面。水平系统监视了现有建筑物的高度，并通过裂纹仪表测量了40个液压压力机的扩展方式。双轴MEMS传感器监测了微孔的倾斜度。监视项目是连续的（24/7），在激活负载压力的同时，测量间隔为1分钟。

Figure7: Example of the deformation time series of one parking deck monitoring point, showing seasonal effects (expanding and shrinking) of the steel structure (dL component) and the alarm levels in yellow, orange and red.

Figure8：Leica Geosystems监视倾斜支柱上的总站。

Choosing the right partner

Terradata AG, Switzerland’s largest provider of surveying and monitoring services, took on this exciting monitoring challenge.

“我们的解决方案旨在早期发现和防御潜在的危险 - 我们专门确保在结构，基础设施，土壤和自然危害起到主要作用的安全性，” Teamleader Monuraning表示。“温特图尔的铁路项目使我们能够应用整个设备和软件。我们选择了Leica Geosystems的监视解决方案，因为我们始终努力保持竞争优势。”

选择Leica Geosystems产品的主要原因是其总站的质量。亚博5分钟快三亚搏彩票手机版下载除了专业的利卡奇地理系统监控软件外，Terradata还使用其专有开发TEDAMOS(Swiss Monitoring Solution by Terradata) to visualise the data.

Figure9: In addition to automatic monitoring, a vast number of manual deformation monitoring tasks are performed.

Innovation is the only future-proof strategy

Terradata AG has a powerful company motto: “We measure and document – wherever buildings and soil play the main role.” The latter connects perfectly with Leica Geosystems’ slogan, “When it has to be right.” A strong equipment partnership during complex monitoring projects means that the customers need to be able to rely on their equipment 24/7. Terradata AG is eagerly expecting further technological innovations in the communication segment. Leica Geosystems is looking forward to additional exciting projects where safety is ensured with industry-leading hardware, software and service, all-in-all providing top-levelmonitoring solutions.

Interested in monitoring? Please feel free to read further case studies, showing how our customers use our solution to improve their monitoring workflow:

莫nitoring Case Studies