Documenting London’s boroughs to solve parking problem

Author:Penny Boviatsou

Spending hours looking for parking space on busy city roads and parking lots is a serious matter. Cities across the world keep struggling with the problem with wasted fuel, and emissions adding up to the economic and non-economic impact of parking hunting.

停车程序technology is on the rise offering users cashless payments and helping drivers find and reserve parking spaces and avoid parking tickets.

AppyParking, a London-based kerbside management and mobility technology firm, operates anaward-winning parking appthat allows users to see and understand all on-street parking areas, restrictions and operating hours in addition to off-street car parks, helping users make informed choices about where to park before they arrive.

“We’re on a mission to make parking forgettable for drivers by providing the best on-street parking information so they can find the nearest and cheapest options for where they want to go. We also work closely with local authorities to help them better manage their kerbside assets with data-driven solutions that improve compliance and safe access for drivers and businesses,”said Dan Hubert, CEO and founder of AppyParking.

AppyParking needed to survey London’s kerbsides tocreate an accurate map of all parking zonesacross the capital. The parking company approachedGetmapping Plc, a leading provider of aerial photography, mobile mapping, LiDAR, digital mapping and web-based services across Europe and Africa, to undertake mobile mapping surveys of car parking zones across London.

With more than 20 years of experience in capturing and processing large volumes of geospatial data, Getmapping invested in twoLeica Pegasus:Two Ultimatemobile mapping systems to survey London’s boroughs forthe largest mobile mapping project in Europe。

Efficient data capture through mobile mapping

Project planning was crucial for the project’s success. Getmapping wanted to ensure the project would run smoothly according to a plan. The initialcapture of parking data for six London boroughswas required in autumn 2017/18 with progressing phases through the first six months of 2018.

A team of three surveyors drove25 kilometres per daywith the Leica Pegasus:Two around London’s boroughs to simultaneouslycollect imagery and LiDAR data。在整个冬季，可以进行测量，这是可能的，并且在道路上不需要测量师或交通管理人员 - 所有数据都是从车辆的安全性中捕获的。

Once the data collection was completed, data was transferred back to the office in hard disks. Two team members processed the data using theLeica Pegasus:Managerto produce the Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) corrected trajectory, along with panoramic imagery and coloured point clouds.

“The progress of surveying methods and mobile mapping systems opens new perspectives for the collection of road data. With the Leica Pegasus:Two Ultimate we were able to smoothly collect data, travelling around the survey sites around London, with no traffic management or road closures required,”said Martin Tocher, group innovation director at Getmaping.

More data, faster

The capture of parking data in further13 London boroughsstarted immediately and was completed by mid-year 2018.

GetMapping购买了一个Pegasus：两个终极的移动映射系统，并将现有的Pegasus升级到了两个终极版本，以完成该项目。PEGASUS：两个最终允许在各种照明条件和车辆速度下捕获 - 大型传感器与像素比和双光传感器可以实现更高的动态范围。随着12百万像素和板载JPEG压缩的增加，摄影测量和图像质量得到改善。

“The Leica Pegasus:Two Utlimate’s higher resolution camera system offered better picture quality, plus the dual fish-eye camera system provided ‘stitching free’”pictures,” said Alexandre Alves, European operations manager at Getmapping.“By utilising Leica Geosystems’ latest mobile mapping technology, which has three times the resolution compared to a standard system, the volume of data handled by Getmapping increased threefold, and we upscaled our processing resources to handle the huge volume of data that phase two required.”

After100 days of surveying, the results of the two phases were:

• Surveys of allparking zones across 19 London boroughsand five cities
• More than6,500-line km capturedin city environments with multiple passes to avoid data occlusions
• 1 million points of datacaptured per second
• 19 terabytes of raw data collected
• 52 terabytes of data delivered
• 27 features extracted per controlled parking zone
• Final relative accuracy better than1.5 centimetres
• Final absoluteaccuracy better than 4 cm
• Maximised value – mobile mappingreduces the average survey timeby 80 per centcompared to traditional survey methods.

The captured imagery and point cloud data, along with associated feature extractions, enables AppyParking to deliverhigh definition traffic management datato their smart parking systems. Getmapping’s mobile mapping team delivered the final data ahead of time and also surveyed Brighton, Cambridge, Oxford, Portsmouth and Coventry to support AppyParking’s smart parking proposition. The customer’s expectation is to survey now cities around Europe.