冒险的纪事

案例分析

Chronicle of an adventure

作者:Penny Boviatsou

On October 19, 2014 Matteo Miceli, a famous Italian oceanic sailor, left the Port of Riva di Traiano located close to Rome, Italy, with the Italian sailboat ECO40 for the Roma Ocean World Project. His goal was to sail around the world alone, without the help of any fossil fuel or additional supplies, other than what he brought with him for the entire 27,000 nautical miles (50,000 kilometres) journey.

ECO40是40级海洋容器(总长度为12.0米),配备了在板载上记录的Met-ecean参数的数据采集系统(即明显的和真实的风速和风速和风向,大气压,电流压力,电流速度,空气和海温等)以及船本身的运动学特征(即地面的速度和路线)。罗马大学和理工都灵大学的教授团队通过使用三个Leica GR25 GNSS参考接收器记录了该船的动作。有了这些,他们能够:

  • 通过使用船作为浮标来计算沿Eco40路线的波高,并验证英国基于英国的MET(气象)办公室的数值模型;
  • 通过计算旅行期间的动态压力和船材耐用性,改善40级帆船的结构设计;
  • 记录从Eco40的动作中获取的波浪特性,以产生船速度的极图,这对于将来的40级赛车船非常有用。

Miceli通过卫星传输了数据,以分析罗马拉萨皮安萨大学的Paolo de Girolamo和Mattia Crespi教授,并向Polytechnic都灵的Alessandro Pezzoli分析。

在回到意大利的途中,将三个斗篷和航行25,000海里航行后,Eco40在赤道上盖了。马特奥(Matteo)在巴西海岸附近约600英里。他被一艘货船救了。当他回到意大利时,他组织了一次探险,试图恢复Eco40,这是没有成功的。一个月后,探险队再次尝试,并在巴西海岸发现了Eco40 300英里。现在,该船回到了意大利。

Fortunately, the data were saved together with the boat and the researchers were able to do the final analysis of the journey.


The sailor’s journey

Chronicle of an adventure

计划中的路线是经典的快船路线,它利用强烈的西风从西到东穿过南海。即,这条路线是通过直布罗陀海峡的组成,然后沿着大西洋下降并在南极绕着南极,平均纬度为50°S,从西部到东,绕过世界上最著名的斗篷:好希望斗篷,开普,开普,开普,开普Leeuwin和Cape Horn。最后,将大西洋航行回到直布罗陀海峡,然后回到主港。

米切利说:“莱卡GR25 GNSS接收器和左侧的天线收集的数据涉及该船的运动,报告说,在第一次暴风雨中,Eco40的波浪高度约为6米,最大波达到10,0 m。”“旅行结束后,我们现在能够计算确切的测量结果。”


Gathering the data

Chronicle of an adventure

卫星调制解调器每天将一部分测量数据发送给土地团队。这些数据是由船只衡量并几乎实时传输的,它极大地帮助了负责Eco40安全的团队;船在航行过程中真正面对的实际天气条件的知识可以改善路线策略并提高船只安全性。

Miceli说:“如果正确分析,从三个GPS接收器获得的船只移动的测量可以提供衡量ECO40在导航期间遇到的波浪的量度。”

将三个高精度的Leica Geosystems GPS接收器放在船尾沿船尾横轴的左侧和右侧,而其余的则沿着船只的主纵轴靠近船入口。数据是在ECO40导航期间被系统获取的,并将每个接收器存储在灰烬卡上。数据分析是在回收灰信卡后进行后处理的。

Two different strategies were adopted in the post-processing:

  1. The “Variometric Approach for Displacements Analysis Standalone Engine” (VADASE)
  2. The moving base kinematic approach.

这两种方法用于获得船运动,并采用了船运动来估计帆船在世界各地导航期间面临的波浪的特性。

Indeed, the first (i.e. variometric approach) was used to calculate the boat heave, surge and sway motions, while the second one (i.e. moving base kinematic approach) was used to calculate the roll, pitch and yaw motions. The wave characteristics (i.e. directional wave spectrum) were derived by using the heave, pitch and roll motions.

当必须检测到快速运动并突然评估其影响时,Leica Vadase可以帮助研究人员立即做出最明智的决定。该解决方案为传统的GNSS监视增加了附加价值,从而基于独立的GNSS接收器提供准确的速度信息,该信息不断实时可用于快速移动的精确和可靠的分析。

船舶性能数据(即地面的速度和路线)可以在需要一定的时间后获得统计意义的数据库,以估算船的真正极性速度曲线。实际上,这些曲线用于预测土地团队通过使用路线优化软件制定的最佳路线,该路线优化软件每天发送到梅克利。

实际的极地速度曲线的差异r from the theoretical ones estimated by the designer of the boat. This is due to several causes, among which plays an important role the ability of the crew to “push” the boat to the maximum of its performance and the presence of waves that normally is not taken into account when calculating the curves themselves.

These data are used mainly for two technical and scientific purposes:

  1. The first purpose is the calibration and/ or verification of the numerical models output that are commonly used for the wind and wave forecast and/or analysis into the oceans, and the calibration of the remote sensing data (e.g. satellite wind and wave measurements).
  2. 第二目的与容器设计直接相关。实际上,这种容器可以处理的运动和载荷以及材料对疲劳应力的响应的知识可以显着改善设计方法。

分析测量值

Chronicle of an adventure

这项事业是有史以来第一次通过GNSS准确地测量了帆船运动在全球旅程中,并且每隔几个小时通过卫星传输数据。就大洋的条件和船尾而言,ECO40在航行过程中经历的第一次暴风雨发生在2014年10月21日至22日的狮子湾。使用移动基础运动学方法分析的信号。该分析允许在整个风暴事件中估计脚跟角α。

De Girolamo说:“关于大洋的条件,我们根据船只几乎实时测量和传输的风数据分析了风暴。”

通过放置在桅杆顶部的风速计,在ECO40的板上测量了风数据。第一次比较与欧洲中范围的天气预报中心(ECMWF)进行,第二个比较是通过使用数值模型GFS(全局预测系统)提供的预测数据进行的。

This comparison, along with the results of the heeling analysis, showed that the wind measurement height plays an important role. The corrected measurements of the wind are comparable with the results obtained from the numerical models: a good agreement is noticeable within the first 60 hours. Nevertheless, a sensible discrepancy between the measured wind data and the numerical one is noticeable as the storm peak occurs.

预测,预测,预测和测得的风速之间的直接比较显示了相关差异。这些差异是因为在严重的风暴条件下,预测风条件的预测状况为50%。

研究人员和教授能够根据测量和数值风数据之间的比较来汇总研究论文。

“Still, despite the unexpected end of the journey, the data collected from the Leica GR25 GNSS receiver and the Leica AS10 antenna were enough to provide ocean scientific information for the development of new ocean knowledge and technologies for the benefit of society,” said Frank Pache Senior Product Manager, GNSS Networks and Reference Stations at Leica Geosystems.

Chronicle of an adventure

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