Digital monitoring of major urban construction sites

Karlsruhe每年有30万居民，城市主要地区有16万辆汽车和1.9亿辆乘客，在德国西南部的运输规划中起着决定性的作用。A5高速公路不仅会影响大卡尔斯鲁厄地区的规划场景，还影响了州街B10的城市内使用。这是该地区最重要的市中心东西方连接。卡尔斯鲁厄市以及联邦政府巴登·伍滕伯格（Baden-Wuerttembg）州通过启动两个非凡的隧道项目来对交通和整个地区的发展做出反应，以通过“合并解决方案”来缓解地面交通。

诸如“组合解决方案”之类的项目不仅没有支持者。建筑噪音，日常生活的破坏，成本，污染和环境限制只是在从事此类大规模城市项目时必须考虑的潜在问题的一部分。Karlsruhe市和Karlsruhe铁路基础设施协会（Kasig）作为建筑商为此目的开展了长期且非常早的信息运动。这是以项目网站的形式进行的，还通过公共活动和信息中心进行。建筑商以及参与的建筑公司和财团的目的也充分利用了数字解决方案在建筑工地文档中的可能性。Leica Geosystems的测量解决方案由KarlsruheIngenieurbüroGeo GmbH使用是该数字文档的决定性因素。

第一天的最高精度

The construction companies Ed. Züblin and Schleith are responsible for the construction of the Kriegsstrassentunnel next to the Ettlinger Tor. Combined with the second tunnel in Kaiserstrasse, both construction projects are "The Combined Solution" for the City of Karlsruhe, which will help to significantly alter the traffic situation in the inner city from 2020 and 2021 respectively. In the Kriegsstrasse, this means that the vehicles are brought under the earth, while trams, pedestrians and all bicycles move above ground. On a path of 1,600 meters, the road tunnel dramatically changes the cityscape - as well as during the construction work. The construction planning and subsequent construction supervision is also given special importance for this reason. The objective of the construction supervision cooperation, consisting of DB Engineering & Consulting, Emch+Berger and BUNG, is to get the highest accuracy in surveying, preservation of evidence and monitoring. Before working on new construction sections, the task was the initial surveying of the construction area as well as an area of 50 meters in all side streets. The expected accuracy of the data was 2 cm. This task was taken over by the team of IngenieurTeam GEO, using the Leica Geosystems Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Equipped with the RTK and GNSS module, this technology allows airborne data to be collected parallel to the on-site operation, delivering highly accurate data by combining the UAV and the Sony Alpha 6000 with a 20mm lens.

在市中心飞行时的特殊挑战

围绕该项目，联邦法院和卡尔斯鲁厄州立剧院是关键建筑。正如隧道建筑工地的习惯一样，必须确保该构建不会导致环境计划外的变化。任何减少或不需要的变化都必须排除在外。该排除必须进行记录和监控。出于安全和时间原因，传统方法只能在有限的范围内与施工措施并行使用。然后，将无人机的使用视为以面向效率的项目过程的意义进行数据捕获的最佳解决方案。与使用陆地方法的纯粹基于点的数据采集相比，3D测量和监视的优点特别在于生成数据的各种用法方案。他们不仅可以从测量工程师的角度回答问题，还可以用作施工工作期间交通路线的规划的基础。它们可以用于亲和回顾性的施工计划，并且几乎是实时计算的决定性因素。

The advantages of using UAV are on the one hand side, the challenges of flying in the city center are on the other hand side. Thus the narrowness of the city has to be taken into account already in the planning of the automated flight and therefore the flight route and altitude planning has to be defined specifically. Potential disturbances of the flight by cranes, vegetation and possible magnetic field disturbances due to the existing infrastructure and development play a role. Benjamin Busse, an experienced expert in the field of the use of surveying drones at IngenieurTeam GEO, has therefore placed special emphasis on the involvement of all stakeholders during the planning phase.

布斯说：“德国的新无人机法规不允许在联邦街道上航班。”“由于与所有利益相关者之间的良好关系，我们获得了B10上城市内航班的特殊许可，并通过交通，行人和电车。”

使用无人机的优点是一方面ide, the challenges of flying in the city centre are on the other hand side. Thus the narrowness of the city has to be taken into account already in the planning of the automated flight, and, therefore, the flight route and altitude planning has to be defined specifically. Potential disturbances of the flight by cranes, vegetation and possible magnetic field disturbances due to the existing infrastructure and development play a role. Benjamin Busse, an experienced expert in the field of the use of surveying drones at IngenieurTeam GEO, has therefore placed special emphasis on the involvement of all stakeholders during the planning phase.

“The new drone regulations in Germany do not allow flights over federal streets,” says Busse. “Thanks to a good relationship with all stakeholders, we got the special permission for the inner-city flights over the B10 with traffic, pedestrians and tram.”

Digital results and economic benefits

除了经典的矫形器外，客户还期望具有文档，数字高程模型和点云的高分辨率单图像。同时，要求对交通路线计划进行检查。这是根据现有计划与原始计划相结合的。由于航班的非常好的数据和高信息质量，现在计划进行季度监视，关键的数量计算以及通过鸟类的视频和照片的补充，并从鸟类的角度使用视频和照片无人机解决方案的帮助。

这一决定的原因是总结快ly: using conventional measurement and surveying methods, not only significantly less data could be collected, a team of five people would have needed six weeks to deliver the desired results. The team of two people for the UAV workflow, only needed seven days. Conventionally, Leica Geosystems total stations would be used. The costs for the client using the conventional method would have been 180 per cent higher than working with the UAV solution. The monetary perspective is even more attractive from the UAV operator’s point of view: the costs for IngenieurTeam GEO using the UAV solution were only one-fifth of the costs of conventional methods.

“我们将无人机技术视为工具箱的一部分，” Ingenieurteam Geo的联合创始人兼董事总经理Martin Schwall补充说。“从客户的角度来看，无人机允许快速和数字业绩具有许多优势，以获取更多信息。”

数字工作流提供了许多优势

The use of the UAV solution from Leica Geosystems offers a multitude of advantages. The digitisation of the processes associated with construction projects always depends on a high data quality and density. For example, the information from the UAV flights can be used not only for planning and monitoring, but also for machine control and project communication tasks. In a further development step, the data of the UAV will also be seamlessly integrated into the software solutions of Leica Geosystems. The results are not only faster but can be customised to meet individual requirements with little effort. While conventional methods generate selective data, they do not capture image data, and therefore do not allow digital visualization. The use of a digital end-to-end solution based on UAV, corresponding sensor technology (here high-resolution RGB camera) and suitable software for postprocessing and data processing offer real benefits. Apart from images, this is mainly 3D measurement information, the option of a parallel inspection based on the image data, the data capturing parallel to the day-to-day business as well as a much higher safety for the locally working surveying engineers and UAV operators. The generated data is the basis for answering existing and future questions and will help to archive all construction progresses from the first day.

Leica Geosystems无人机无人机产品经理Valentin Fuchs表示：“作为下一步，Leica Geosystems将将无人机解决方案完全集成到用于构建，监视和测量的软件解决方案中。”“帮助我们的客户可视化信息，并使用所收集的无人机数据自动化和加速流程是未来发展的更广阔情况的一部分。”